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. 2021 Jul 14;10:143. doi: 10.1038/s41377-021-00580-z

Fig. 1. TFOE for high-precision optoacoustic stimulation.

Fig. 1

TFOE for high-precision optoacoustic stimulation.a Schematic of TFOE enabling single-neuron stimulation. b Multiwall CNT/PDMS mixture as coating material casted on a metal mesh followed by a punch-through method to coat the tapered fiber. Bottom left: optical image of TFOE, Bottom right: zoom-in showing the tip. c Acoustic signal waveforms detected by the hydrophone at the distances ranging from 0 to 282 µm from the TFOE. The curves shown from the top to the bottom were obtained at the distances of 0, 2, 6, 10, 17, 29, 49, 82, 145, 185 and 282 µm, respectively. d Detected pressure plotted as a function of the distance. e Frequency spectra of acoustic signals acquired at 0, 49 and 145 µm, respectively. All measurements in (c–e) were done with single laser pulse with a pulse energy of 6.7 µJ. f Surface temperature of TFOE tip during laser excitation of 50 ms (7.8 mW, Red) and 1 ms (11.4 mW, Blue), respectively. Shaded area in (f): standard deviation taken from three measurements from the same TFOE. Black arrow: laser onset.