Figure 2.

Electroformation of GUVs. Liposomes (LUVs) diluted in distilled water, are applied in droplets on the conductive surface of each of two glass slides coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). The solution is dehydrated overnight in a chamber containing saturated sodium chloride, resulting in the formation of a thin lipid film. The two slides are then assembled into a chamber so that the conducting surfaces with the lipid film face each other, separated by a Teflon spacer containing copper tape on each side. The chamber is sealed and held together by clamps (not illustrated), before being connected to a power

source and exposed to an oscillating electric field upon injection of 250 mM sucrose solution, resulting in GUV formation. Protein-containing GUVs are generated similarly using proteoliposomes.