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. 2021 Jul 13;11:14396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93831-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Production of inflammatory cytokines induced by arginase inhibitor diminished by co-culture with peripheral CD71⁺ erythroid cells derived from SoJIA patient. (a) Upregulated and downregulated genes in PBCECs compared to control neonatal cord blood. (b) Gene expression of ARG2 in CD71⁺ erythroid cells and CD45⁺ lymphocytes and monocytes extracted from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of SoJIA patients and neonatal cord blood. (c, d) The levels of (c) interleukin-1β and (d) interleukin-6 in the culture supernatant after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide at 0, 10, and 100 ng/mL. Healthy donor monocytes are cultured without (left graph) or with PBCECs obtained from SoJIA patients at ratios of 1:0, 1:2, and 1:4 (right graph). ABH was added to the culture medium at 0, 30, and 90 μM. The experiment was repeated three times using PBCECs derived from three different patients, and each culture was performed in triplicate. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Data were represented as the mean ± SD and analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. CB cord blood, PB peripheral blood, LPS lipopolysaccharide, Mo: E ratio mixture ratio of healthy monocytes and patient-derived peripheral CD71⁺ erythroid cells, ABH amino-2-borono-6-hexanoic acid.