Table 1.

Studies Demonstrating Temporal Relationships between Exposures to Airborne Stimuli and Development of Laryngeal Disorders Affecting Respiration.

Reference	Study Design	N	Patient Descrintion	Triggering Stimulus	Exposure Description	Diagnosis
Allan et al. (2006)⁴⁶	Case report	1	49-year-old male firefighter	Chlorine gas	Single, accidental occupational exposure 15,000 gallons Duration 6 hours	Vocal cord dysfunction
Bhargava et al. (2000)⁴⁷	Case report	1	17-year-old male student athlete	Swimming pool chlorine	Chronic recreational exposure	Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction
Cummings et al. (2013)⁴⁸	Case series	2	47-year-old female and 31-year-old female office workers	Indoor mold growth in water-damaged buildings	Chronic, accidental occupational exposure	Vocal cord dysfunction
de la Hoz et al. (2008)⁴⁹	Case series	10	6 male and 4 female 9/11 World Trade Center rescue workers and volunteers (age range 35-70 years)	Variety of irritants and compounds from 9/11 World Trade Center disaster	Chronic, accidental occupational exposure Duration range 3-23 weeks	Vocal cord dysfunction
Galdi et al. (2005)⁵⁰	Case report	1	47-year-old female nurse	Glutaraldehyde	Single occupational exposure Duration 20-30 minutes	Vocal cord dysfunction
Gartner-Schmidt et al. (2008)⁵¹	Case report	1	53-year-old female	Paint fumes	Single occupational exposure	Laryngeal hypersensitivity
Herin et al. (2012)⁵²	Case report	1	38-year-old female hairdresser	Bleaching agents	Chronic occupational exposure	Irritant-associated vocal cord dysfunction
Hoy et al. (2010)⁵³	Case series	14	3 males and 11 females in manufacturing, sales, business, and construction (mean age 50.6 years)	Perfumes Cleaning agents Paint fumes Dust Exhaust Unspecified odors and fumes	Single and chronic occupational and recreational exposure	Work-associated irritable larynx syndrome
Huggins et al. (2004)⁵⁴	Case report	1	46-year-old female nurse	Eucalyptus plant	Chronic occupational exposure	Vocal cord dysfunction
Marcinow et al. (2015)⁵⁵	Case series	34	3 males and 31 females (age range 27-73 years)	Not reported	Single exposure	Irritant-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder
Munoz et al. (2007)⁵⁶	Case report	1	26-year-old male carpenter	Iroko and western red cedar wood dust	Chronic occupational exposure	Vocal cord dysfunction
Perkner et al. (1998)⁵⁷	Case series	11	3 males and 8 females in manufacturing, housekeeping, health care, transportation, farming, clerical, safety inspection, and food service (mean age 45 years)	Ammonia Cleaning chemicals Solder fumes Smoke Machine fluid Ceiling tile dust Unspecified odors	Single occupational and recreational exposure	Irritant-associated vocal cord dysfunction
Reddy et al. (2004)⁵⁸	Case report	1	25-year-old female	Chlorine gas	Single, accidental occupational exposure	Vocal cord dysfunction
Tonini et al. (2009)⁵⁹	Case report	1	45-year-old female nurse	Isopropylic alcohol Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde Peracetic acid Hydrogen peroxide Sodium hypochlorite	Chronic occupational exposure	Occupational irritant-induced vocal cord dysfunction
Weinberger et al. (2017)⁶⁰	Case report	1	15-year-old female corn detasseler	Sodium hypochlorite Cornfield	Single occupational exposure	Vocal cord dysfunction