Table 2.

Summary of the effects of four unpalatable species on neighboring communities.

Species name	Site	Grazing condition	SD		PD		SC
			q = 0	q = 2	q = 0	q = 2
Phlomis cancellata	Keleilagh	Ungrazed	WFSs*	WFSsns	WFSs*	WFSsns	ns
	Najafi	Ungrazed	WFSs*	WFSs*	WFSs*	WFSs*	ns
	Fereizi	Mod. grazing	CFSsns	CFSs*	CFSsns	CFSs*	ns
	Heydari	Mod. grazing	CFSsns	CFSs*	CFSsns	CFSsns	ns
	Zharf	Hea. grazing	CFSsns	CFSsns	CFSsns	CFSsns	ns
	Darrud	Hea. grazing	CFSsns	CFSsns	CFSs*	CFSs*	ns
Euphorbia microsciadia	Boghmech	Hea. grazing	WFSsns	WFSsns	WFSsns	WFSsns	*
Euphorbia boissieriana	Darrud	Hea. grazing	WFSsns	WFSsns	WFSsns	WFSsns	ns
Seseli transcaucasicum	Arabchah	Hea. grazing	WFSsns	WFSs*	WFSsns	WFSs*	*

For SD and PD, a community with a higher value is reported in the table.

Abbreviations: SD species diversity; PD phylogenetic diversity; SC species composition; CFSs contain focal species; WFSs without focal species;

ns no significant difference. *Indicated a significant difference at a 5% significance level.