Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment for selected articles using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
| Author, year, country | Representativeness of sample | Ascertainment of multimorbidity | Appropriateness of statistical method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Garin et al., 2015, China and India [17] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | ||
|
| ||||
| 2 | Hussain et al., 2015, Indonesia [18] | Low risk | Medium risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 3 | Wang et al., 2015, China [19] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 4 | Wang et al., 2015, China [20] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 5 | Gu et al., 2017, China [21] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 6 | Gu et al., 2018, China [22] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 7 | Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk |
|
| ||||
| 8 | Yao et al., 2019, China [24] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk |