Table 4.
Patterns of multimorbidity identified from selected articles.
| Multimorbidity patterns | Author, year, country | Patterns identified | Diseases included | Diseases excluded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases | Garin et al., 2015, China and India [17] | Cardiorespiratory | Angina | Asthma, COPD |
| Metabolic | Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension | ||||
| Wang et al., 2015, China [19] | Cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorders | Heart failure, arrhythmia, and coronary heart diseases | COPD, asthma, depression, eye problems, and hearing disorders | ||
| Cerebrovascular-metabolic disorders | Stroke, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity | ||||
| Gu et al., 2017, China [21] | Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders | Hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, kidney diseases, and dyslipidemia | |||
| Gu et al., 2018, China [22] | Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders | Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, kidney diseases, and dyslipidemia | |||
| Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Cardiovascular/renal/metabolic | Hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, kidney diseases, and dyslipidemia | |||
| Yao et al., 2019, China [24] | Vascular-metabolic | Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and stroke | |||
| Hepatorenal | Kidney disease | Liver disease | |||
|
| |||||
| 2 | Mental health problems | Garin et al., 2015, China and India [17] | Mental-articular | Depression | Arthritis |
| Wang et al., 2015, China [19] | Cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorders | Depression | Heart failure, arrhythmia, coronary heart diseases, COPD, asthma, eye problems, and hearing disorders | ||
| Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Neuropsychiatric | Mental disorders | Neurologic diseases | ||
| Yao et al., 2019, China [24] | Cognitive-emotional | Emotional, nervous, or psychiatric problems | Memory-related disease | ||
|
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| 3 | Degenerative diseases | Garin et al., 2015, China and India [17] | Mental-articular | Arthritis | Depression |
| Wang et al., 2015, China [19] | Cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorders | Eye problems, hearing disorders | Heart failure, arrhythmia, coronary heart diseases, COPD, and asthma, depression | ||
| Gu et al., 2017, China [21] | Degenerative disorders | Cataract, joint disease, and hearing disorder | Cancer | ||
| Gu et al., 2018, China [22] | Degenerative disorders | Cataract, joint disease, and hearing disorder | Cancer | ||
| Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Skeletal/articular/digestive | Arthritis or rheumatism, lumbar diseases | Digestive diseases | ||
| Yao et al., 2019, China [24] | Cognitive-emotional | Memory-related disease | Emotional, nervous, or psychiatric problems | ||
|
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| 4 | Pulmonary diseases | Garin et al., 2015, China and India [17] | Cardiorespiratory | Asthma, COPD | Angina |
| Wang et al., 2015, China [19] | Cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorders | COPD, asthma | Heart failure, arrhythmia, coronary heart diseases, depression, eye problems, and hearing disorders | ||
| Gu et al., 2017, China [21] | Digestive and respiratory disorders | Lung diseases | Gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases | ||
| Gu et al., 2018, China [22] | Digestive and respiratory disorders | Lung diseases | Gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases | ||
| Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Respiratory/dermal | Chronic respiratory diseases | Skin diseases | ||
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| 5 | Cancer diseases | Gu et al., 2017, China [21] | Degenerative disorders | Cancer | Cataract, joint disease, and hearing disorder |
| Gu et al., 2018, China [22] | Degenerative disorders | Cancer | Cataract, joint disease, and hearing disorder | ||
| Aoki et al., 2018, Japan [23] | Malignant/digestive/urologic | Malignancy | Digestive diseases, urologic diseases | ||