Table 2.

Cytotoxic effects of BAK on ocular tissues.

Decreased corneal, [12–18] conjunctival, [12, 13] trabecular meshwork, [19, 20] and ciliary epithelial cell [19] survival

Corneal epithelial cell injury [15, 21, 22]

Conjunctival goblet cell loss [22, 23]

Delayed corneal wound healing [24]

Lymphocyte infiltration of conjunctival epithelium and stroma [21, 22]

Elevates inflammatory marker concentrations in ocular tissues [15, 16, 18]

DNA fragmentation and oxidative damage in TM cells leading to altered gene expression [20]

Induction of corneal epithelial cell apoptosis [18]