Table 3.
Outcome criteria and assessment schedule.
| Instrument | Concept measured | Validation | Outcome assessment place of evaluation | Structure of instrument; scoring | Time of measurement | Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4 | 24 | 4 | I | T | |||||
| Mths after birth years | ||||||||||
| Neonatal Brazelton Assessment Scale (NBAS) | Neonatal behavior (0–1 month) | Brazelton e (58) (3° ed) | Psychologist at the maternity hospital/home visit | The assessment concerns: autonomic system motor tone organization state organization and regulation early interaction |
X | X | X | |||
| Brunet-Lézine Revised Developmental test | Child development (2–30 months) | Brunet and Lézine, 1965 (59) | Psychologist during home visits | Developmental age (developmental quotient)4 dimensions: Language Social relationships Motor gross Motor fine 30 item test scored partly |
X | X | X | X | ||
| Alarm Baby Distress scale (ADBB) | Sustained withdrawal behavior (2–24 months) | Original scale in FrenchGuedeney and Fermanian (60) in France | Psychologist, after home visits, with video | 8 items, 5 point Likert scale (0–4), range 0–32 Withdrawal behavior if ≥ 5 |
X | X | X | X | ||
| Symptom Check-list (SCL-90) | Mother's psychological disorders | Derogatis (61) Translation | Mother during home visits | 90 items, 5 point-Likert scales (0–4) X X X10 subscales: Somatization (0–48) Obsessive-Compulsive (0–40) Interpersonal Sensitivity (0–36) Depression (0–52) Anxiety (0–40) Hostility (0–24) Phobic Anxiety (0–32) Paranoid Ideation (0–24) Psychoticism (0–40) Other symptoms (0–28) Higher scores indicate greater Clinical impairment. |
X | X | X | X | ||
| Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | Working alliance between the mother and the pediatric nurse | Horvath and Greenberg (62) French validation Guedeney et al. (63) |
Mother and pediatric nurse after home visits | 12 items, Likert scale (1–7) Range 12–84 Higher scores indicates better working alliance |
X | X | X | |||
| Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) | Child's attachment (10 months−3 years) | Waters and Deane (64) French translation made and validated by a panel of infant mental health experts (65) |
Assessment team (psychologist and nurse) after home visits | Two rates assess each situation during a home visit of 2 h90 itemsCorrelation with typical secure pattern: Insecure attachment if <0.35 Secure attachment if ≥ 0.35 |
X | X | X | |||
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) | Self-Assessment of postpartum depression | Cox et al. (66) French validation: Guedeney and Fermanian (67) |
Mother during home visits | 10 items, 4 point-Likert scales (0–3) Range 0–30 Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. |
X | X | X | |||
| Bobigny's early interactions grid | Mother-infant interactions (0–4 years) | Devised by experts in infant mental health and specifically perinatal consultations, 1989 (68) | Psychologist after home visits | Qualitative assessment grid describing the quality of the interactions and the dominant mode of interaction. | X | X | X | X | ||
| Mini Q-SORT | Maternal sensitivity | Pederson and Moran (69) Suited to analysis of short video sequences Tarabulsy and et al. (70) |
Psychologist after home visits (video) | Sorting of 25 cards describing maternal behavior according to a Q-sort procedure | X | X | X | X | ||
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | Maternal depression | Validated by Beck et al. in 1961 (71) Version abridged by Beck et al. in 72 (72) Translated and validated in French by Delay and Pichot in 1963 and 1964 (73, 74) Abridged version validated by Reynolds and Gould et al. in 1981 (75) |
Mother during home visits | 13 items 4-point Likert scales Range 0–39 Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. 4: no depression; 4–7: mild depression; 8–15: moderate depression; 16+: severe depression |
X | X | X | |||
| Family Affluence Scale (FAS) form | Socio-economic status of the families | Mother during home visits | 4 questions to tick: yes/no and enter number | X | X | X | X | |||
| Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) | Early screening for delays in social and emotional competencies (1–3 years) | Validated by Briggs-Gowan and Carter and (76) Translated by Wendland and Saïs, 2010 and validated in French by Wendland et al. (77) |
Mother during home visits | 42-item questionnaire 3-point Likert scales (0–2) Provides indications on the social-emotional profile and competencies of children according to their parents. |
X | X | X | |||
| Parenting representations interview (PRI) | To obtain parents' representations concerning their child, themselves as parents and their experience of the intervention | Questions taken from the R interview drawn up by Lebovici et al. (78) | Mother during home visits | Semi-structured interview 4 questions. The themes are: description of their child, themselves as parents, their reaction to their child's crying, and their experience of the support and home intervention as part of the research | X | X | X | X | ||
| Language delay screening test (ERTL 4) | To assess language delays at age 4 years | French scale validated in 1998 (79) | The pediatric nurse during a systematic examination at nursery school | 5 tests (2 optional), scoring with 3 categories: red (indication of further testing); orange (active monitoring, re-evaluation necessary); green (no difficulty) | X | X | X | |||