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. 2021 Jun 30;8:694568. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.694568

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Copyright © 2021 Gijbels, Trouwborst, Jardon, Hul, Siebelink, Bowser, Yildiz, Wanders, Erdos, Thijssen, Feskens, Goossens, Afman and Blaak.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Graphical overview of the oral glucose tolerance test and the high-fat mixed-meal (HFMM) test that are performed during the pre- and post-intervention characterization week. Participants are instructed to drink the glucose drink or HFMM within 5 min, and fasting and postprandial blood samples are drawn at the indicated timepoints for determination of the indicated metabolites. CHO, carbohydrates; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FFA, free fatty acids; TAG, triglycerides; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PYY, peptide YY; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.