Table 2.
Characteristics of screened participants according to insulin resistance phenotype.
| No MIR/LIR | MIR | LIR | Combined MIR/LIR | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 227) | (n = 121) | (n = 61) | (n = 156) | ||
| Age (years) | 61 ± 9 | 60 ± 9 | 61 ± 8 | 62 ± 8 | 0.627 |
| Women (%) | 59.9 | 69.4 | 54.1 | 52.6† | 0.031 |
| Weight (kg) | 86.6 ± 13.1 | 86.0 ± 11.2 | 86.4 ± 11.8 | 94.0 ± 14.7§†‡ | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 3.3 | 29.8 ± 3.1 | 29.6 ± 3.2 | 32.2 ± 4.1§†‡ | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.5 ± 10.6 | 100.4 ± 9.5 | 99.9 ± 9.5 | 106.3 ± 11.0§†‡ | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.91 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 0.95 ± 0.09§†‡ | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 ± 17 | 132 ± 13 | 132 ± 16 | 137 ± 16§ | 0.015 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 ± 11 | 80 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 85 ± 10§†‡ | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (mmol/L) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 9.0 ± 0.8§†‡ | 0.003 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.0 ± 14.1 | 73.8 ± 14.1 | 76.0 ± 16.2 | 78.4 ± 14.7 | 0.051 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23 ± 10 | 27 ± 12 | 25 ± 9 | 31 ± 14§†‡ | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22 ± 6 | 22 ± 7 | 23 ± 6 | 25 ± 8§† | 0.002 |
| Use of statins (%) | 9.7 | 6.6 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 0.293 |
| Use of antihypertensives (%) | 17.2 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 28.2 | 0.022 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 24.7 | 21.5 | 18.3 | 25.2 | 0.685 |
| Glucose status (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| NGT | 78.4 | 71.1 | 75.4 | 62.2 | |
| IFG | 6.2 | 0.8 | 11.5 | 2.6 | |
| IGT | 7.0 | 18.2 | 6.6 | 16.7 | |
| Combined IFG/IGT | 1.8 | 1.7 | 6.6 | 7.7 | |
| T2DM | 6.6 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 10.9 | |
| Employment status (%) | 0.429 | ||||
| Paid job | 44.6 | 49.2 | 43.3 | 36.8 | |
| Retired | 39.7 | 37.5 | 36.7 | 42.6 | |
| Other | 15.6 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 17.0 | |
| Education level (%) | 0.257 | ||||
| Low | 17.9 | 11.8 | 25.0 | 21.7 | |
| Intermediate | 31.8 | 39.5 | 28.3 | 30.9 | |
| High | 50.2 | 48.7 | 46.7 | 47.4 |
Differences between tissue-specific IR groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc pairwise comparisons for numerical data (mean ± SD), and using Fisher's exact test for categorial data (%).
§
Significantly different from No MIR/LIR (p < 0.05).
†
Significantly different from MIR (p < 0.05).
‡
Significantly different from LIR (p < 0.05).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; NGT, normal glucose tolerant; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.