Table 3.

Cellular therapies.

Large Animal Model	VCA model	IS	Experimental Groups	Results	Conclusion	Reference
Swine	Heterotopic hind-limb VCA	Irradiation, BMT, Cyclosporine, MSCs	Group 1 – untreated controls.	Group 1 Survival – 9-14 days	Donor MSCs augment the effect of BMT and significantly prolong VCA survival.	(50)
			Group 2 - received MSCs alone (given on days -1, +3, +7, +14, +21).	Group 2 survival – 15-25 days
			Group 3 - received cyclosporine A.	Group 3 survival – 28-45 days
			Group 4 - received preconditioning irradiation (day -1), BMT (day +1), and CyA.	Group 4 survival - 13-57 days
			Group 5 - received irradiation (day -1), BMT (day +1), CyA, and MSCs (days +1, +7,+14).	Group 5 survival – > 200 days
Swine	Heterotopic hind-limb VCA	Irradiation, Cyclosporine, MSCs	Group 1 – untreated controls.	Group 1 Survival – 9-14 days	Donor MSCs prolong VCA survival in the setting of irradiation/CyA	(49)
			Group 2 – received MSCs alone (on days -1, +3, +7, +14, and +21).	Group 2 survival – 15-25 days
			Group 3 – received cyclosporine A.	Group 3 survival – 28-45 days
			Group 4 received irradiation (on day -1), MSCs (days +1, +7, +14, and +21), and cyclosporine A.	Group 4 survival – > 120 days
Swine	Orthotopic hemi-facial VCA	Cyclosporine, MSCs	Group 1 – untreated controls.	Group 1 Survival – 7-28 days	Donor MSCs + transient CyA significantly prolong VCA survival.	(48)
			Group 2 – received MSCs alone (on days -1, +1, +3, +7, +14, and +21).	Group 2 survival – 17-38 days
			Group 3 – received cyclosporine A.	Group 3 survival – 36-48 days
			Group 4 received MSCs (days -1 +1, +3, +7, +14, and +21), and cyclosporine A.	Group 4 survival – 42-87 days

IS, immunosuppression; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; CyA, cyclosporine; BMT, bone marrow transplantation; VCA, vascularized composite allotransplant.