Table 4.

Bivariate dual latent change score model of ANX and EF across four time-points.

	Estimate	95% CI	Cohen’s d
Within-person coupling effects
(ANX)[ΔT-1] ➔ Δ(EF)[ΔT]	−0.254	[−0.951, 0.444]	−0.068
(EF)[ΔT-1] ➔ Δ(ANX)[ΔT]	−0.254	[−0.951, 0.444]	−0.068
Within-person proportional effects
(ANX)[ΔT-1] ➔ Δ(ANX)[ΔT]	0.006	[−0.597, 0.608]	0.002
(EF)[ΔT-1] ➔ Δ(EF)[ΔT]	0.080**	[0.025, 0.135]	0.274
Between-person covariances
(ANX)[T-1] ↔ Δ(ANX)[ΔT]	−0.049***	[−0.077, −0.021]	−0.336
(EF)[T-1] ↔ Δ(EF)[ΔT]	−0.014	[−0.044, 0.016]	−0.090
(EF)[T-1] ↔ Δ(ANX)[T-1]	−0.101***	[−0.144, −0.058]	−0.441
(EF)[ΔT] ↔ Δ(ANX)[ΔT]	−0.007	[−0.017, 0.002]	−0.134
(ANX)[T-1] ↔ Δ(EF)[ΔT]	0.007	[−0.016, 0.030]	0.056
(EF)[T-1] ↔ Δ(ANX)[ΔT]	0.031	[−0.016, 0.078]	0.124
(EF)[T] ↔ Δ(ANX)[T]	0.004	[−0.009, 0.018]	0.055
Between-person intercepts
Mean of (ANX)[T1]	0.224***	[0.178, 0.270]	0.935
Mean of Δ(ANX)[T]	−0.052	[−0.155, 0.051]	−0.096
Mean of (EF)[T1]	0.003	[−0.055, 0.061]	0.010
Mean of Δ(EF)[T]	−0.102***	[−0.136, −0.068]	−0.576
Variances
Variance of (ANX)[T1]	0.231*	[0.056, 0.407]	0.246
Residuals of Δ(ANX)[T]	0.256***	[0.138, 0.374]	0.410
Variance of Δ(ANX)[T]	0.000	–	–
Variance of (EF)[T1]	0.692***	[0.642, 0.742]	2.657
Residuals of Δ(EF)[T]	0.071***	[0.058, 0.084]	0.974
Variance of Δ(EF)[T]	0.000	–	–

Note: Model fit indices: χ²(df = 25) = 46.996, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.966, RMSEA = 0.057, 95% CI [0.044, 0.071]. Within-person coupling effects refer to change (Δ) in ANX at a prior time-lag (ΔT-1) predicting (➔) future Δ in EF at the next adjacent time-lag (ΔT; and vice versa). Within-person coupling effects and proportional effects, residual covariances between ANX and EF, as well as variances of ANX and EF were each uniquely fixed to be equal across all three time-lags.

Abbreviations: ANX, anxiety severity; CI, confidence interval; EF, executive functioning.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001.