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. 2021 Jun 30;12:691835. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691835

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Melatonin and MT-homologs activate an SA-mediated signaling pathway. The effect of MT, 5-methoxytryptamine, and 5-methoxyindole on the expression of SA-, ethylene-, and JA-dependent marker genes in N. benthamiana leaves. N. benthamiana leaves were treated with 0.005% (v/v) ethanol/water (control) or 50 μM solutions of MT, 5-methoxytryptamine, or 5-methoxyindole. The relative expression of PR-1a (A), ERF1 (B), and LOX (C) by RT-qPCR. Expression values were normalized to the levels of EF-1a. Data are the mean ± standard deviation (SDs; n = 9). Columns with different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the treatment groups as determined by a Duncan’s multiple range test. (D) Level of free SA in N. benthamiana leaves after treatment with MT, 5-methoxytryptamine, or 5-methoxyindole. Columns with different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the treatment groups as determined by a Duncan’s multiple range test. FW, fresh weight.