Table 1.
Descriptive table of the population
| All | Female patients | Male patients | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical variables | ||||
| Number of patients, N (%) | 1683 | 552 (32.8) | 1131 (67.2) | - |
| Age, years±SD | 67.1±14 | 67.8±14 | 67.1±13 | 0.3 |
| Hypertension, n/N (%) | 910 (55) | 298 (55.2) | 503 (54.9) | 0.9 |
| Diabetes, n/N (%) | 319 (19.3) | 80 (14.8) | 239 (21.4) | 0.001 |
| Previous coronary stent, n/N (%) | 119 (7.1) | 24 (4.3) | 95 (8.4) | 0.002 |
| Previous CABG, n/N (%) | 51 (4.3) | 7 (1.7) | 44 (5.6) | 0.002 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n/N (%) | 104 (6.3) | 32 (5.9) | 72 (6.5) | 0.67 |
| History of atrial fibrillation, n/N (%) | 146 (9.2) | 47 (9) | 99 (9.3) | 0.84 |
| Current smoking, n/N (%) | 81 (6.5) | 15 (3.5) | 66 (8.1) | 0.002 |
| Chronic lung disease, n/N (%) | 166 (10) | 65 (12.1) | 101 (9.1) | 0.057 |
| History of oncological malignancy, n/N (%) | 86 (5.2) | 30 (5.6) | 56 (5) | 0.64 |
| Baseline laboratory results | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl±SD | 13.6±4 | 13±5.9 | 13.8±1.9 | 0.002 |
| White blood cells, n/mm3±SD | 9988±4450 | 9125±4211 | 10392±4503 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl±SD | 1.18±0.7 | 0.97±0.53 | 1.28±0.78 | 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dl±SD | 15.8±19 | 13.4±18 | 16.9±20 | 0.001 |
| LDH, U/l±SD | 400±250 | 354±196 | 421±269 | 0.001 |
| Baseline troponin, ng/ml±SD | 120±652 | 46±106 | 166±819 | 0.13 |
| Oxygen saturation on air, %±SD | 90±8 | 92±7 | 90±8.5 | 0.001 |
| Radiological findings | ||||
| Coronary calcification (CAC), n/N (%) | 994 (59.1) | 281 (50.9) | 713 (63) | 0.001 |
| Left main, mm3±SD | 22±73 | 17±83 | 27±95 | 0.057 |
| LAD, mm3±SD | 129±245 | 74±183 | 173±328 | 0.001 |
| LCX, mm3±SD | 65±225 | 36±194 | 74.6±284 | 0.01 |
| RCA, mm3±SD | 108±402 | 42±182 | 121±460 | 0.001 |
| CAC volume, mm3±SD | 319±753 | 171±479 | 391±847 | 0.001 |
| Zero calcium score, n/N (%) | 508 (30.2) | 224 (40.6) | 284 (25.1) | 0.001 |
| CAC >100, n/N (%) | 580 (34.5) | 132 (23.9) | 448 (39.6) | 0.001 |
| Thoracic aorta calcification, n/N (%) | 1269 (75.4) | 423 (76.6) | 846 (74.8) | 0.41 |
| Thoracic aortic calcification, mm3±SD | 2355±4505 | 2295±4600 | 2383±4462 | 0.73 |
| Aortic valve calcification, n/N (%) | 706 (41.9) | 239 (43.3) | 467 (41.3) | 0.14 |
| Aortic valve calcium, mm3±SD | 174±620 | 129±514 | 194±663 | 0.064 |
| Pleuric effusion, n/N (%) | 252 (15) | 81 (14.7) | 171 (15.1) | 0.81 |
| Pericardial effusion, n/N (%) | 94 (5.6) | 34 (6.2) | 60 (5.3) | 0.47 |
| Interstitial lung involvement <25, n/N (%) | 515 (30.6) | 211 (38.2) | 304 (26.9) | 0.001 |
| Interstitial lung involvement 25–50, n/N (%) | 694 (41.2) | 190 (34.4) | 504 (44.6) | 0.001 |
| Interstitial lung involvement 50–75, n/N (%) | 324 (19.3) | 89 (16.1) | 235 (20.8) | 0.023 |
| Interstitial lung involvement >75, n/N (%) | 66 (3.9) | 22 (4) | 44 (3.9) | 0.92 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| MACEs, n/N (%) | 105 (6.2) | 28 (5.1) | 77 (6.8) | 0.16 |
| Stroke, n/N (%) | 26 (1.5) | 9 (1.6) | 17 (1.5) | 0.84 |
| Peripheral arterial embolization, n/N (%) | 14 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 10 (0.9) | 0.73 |
| Pulmonary embolism, n/N (%) | 54 (3.2) | 15 (2.7) | 39 (3.4) | 0.42 |
| Acute coronary syndrome, n/N (%) | 14 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 10 (0.9) | 0.73 |
| NIV without intubation, n/N (%) | 291 (17.3) | 74 (13.4) | 217 (19.2) | 0.003 |
| Intubation, n/N (%) | 207 (12.3) | 43 (7.8) | 164 (14.5) | 0.001 |
| Mortality in mechanical ventilated patients, n/N (%) | 57 (3.4) | 7 (1.3) | 50 (4.4) | 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality in patients with MACEs, n/N (%) | 30 (1.8) | 7 (1.3) | 23 (2) | 0.26 |
| Hospital mortality, n/N (%) | 370 (229 | 94 (17) | 276 (24.4) | 0.001 |
| Time to intubation after admission, days±SD | 4.8±5 | 2±3 | 5±6 | 0.05 |
| Time to death after intubation, days±SD | 9±7 | 6±7 | 10±7 | 0.28 |
| Time to death after admission, days±SD | 14±8 | 8±7 | 15±7 | 0.07 |