Table 5.
Subgroup analysis on the effect of CBT - based interventions on depressive symptom.
| Subgroups | Depressive symptom: post- to pre - treatment effect |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies(n) | Participants(n) | I2% (P) | Q-test | MD (95%,CI) | SMD (95%,CI) | P (between) | |
| Behavioral strategies | 0.003 | ||||||
| Important | 2 | 183 | 0.00 (0.909) | 0.01 | −1.06 (−2.39, 0.26) | −0.21 (−0.50, 0.08) | |
| Not important | 7 | 1437 | 99.30 (0.000) | 868.70 | −3.53 (−4.50, −2.56)*** | −1.31 (−2.25, −0.37)** | |
| Cognitive strategies | <0.001 | ||||||
| Important | 7 | 1409 | 99.30 (0.000) | 863.37 | −3.88 (−4.93, −2.84)*** | −1.24 (−2.21, −0.28)* | |
| Not important | 2 | 211 | 0.00 (0.673) | 0.18 | −0.80 (−1.24, −0.36)*** | −0.47 (−0.76, −0.19)** | |
| Body directed strategies | 0.110 | ||||||
| Important | 6 | 1329 | 99.30 (0.000) | 721.97 | −2.80 (−3.79, −1.81)*** | −1.01 (−2.03, 0.01) | |
| Not important | 3 | 291 | 98.50 (0.000) | 133.60 | −8.46 (−15.37, −1.55)* | −1.18 (−2.38, 0.03) | |
| Homework assignment strategies | 0.005 | ||||||
| Important | 3 | 810 | 82.10 (0.004) | 11.14 | −0.48 (−1.13, 0.18) | −0.31 (−0.63, 0.02) | |
| Not important | 6 | 810 | 99.40 (0.000) | 833.99 | −6.56 (−10.76, −2.35)** | −1.44 (−2.48,-0.40)** | |
| Problem solving | 0.003 | ||||||
| Important | 2 | 183 | 0.00 (0.909) | 0.01 | −1.06 (−2.39, 0.26) | −0.21 (−0.50, 0.08) | |
| Not important | 7 | 1437 | 99.30 (0.000) | 868.70 | −3.53 (−4.50, −2.56)*** | −1.31 (−2.25, −0.37)** | |
| Dietary intervention | 0.006 | ||||||
| Important | 4 | 651 | 99.30 (0.000) | 424.61 | −9.96 (−16.87, −3.06)** | −1.78 (−2.96, −0.61)** | |
| Not important | 5 | 969 | 77.10 (0.002) | 17.46 | −0.24 (−0.44, −0.04)* | −0.44 (−0.84, −0.04)* | |
| Physical activity | 0.002 | ||||||
| Important | 5 | 771 | 99.30 (0.000) | 611.22 | −7.93 (−12.77, −3.10)** | −1.55 (−2.59, −0.50)** | |
| Not important | 4 | 849 | 71.30 (0.015) | 10.47 | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.02) | −0.41 (−0.88, 0.07) | |
| Country | 0.003 | ||||||
| Developed country | 2 | 183 | 0.00 (0.909) | 0.01 | −1.06 (−2.39, 0.26) | −0.21 (−0.50, 0.08) | |
| Developing country | 7 | 1437 | 99.30 (0.000) | 868.70 | −3.53 (−4.50, −2.56)*** | −1.31 (−2.25, −0.37)** | |
| Treatment form | 0.290 | ||||||
| Group | 2 | 691 | 0.00 (0.589) | 0.29 | −0.05 (−0.14, 0.03) | −0.10 (−0.25, 0.05) | |
| Individual | 3 | 597 | 99.30 (0.000) | 287.73 | −4.63 (−13.10, 3.83) | −1.02 (−2.78, 0.74) | |
| Treatment delivery way | <0.001 | ||||||
| Remote | 2 | 197 | 0.00 (0.482) | 0.50 | −0.71 (−1.70, 0.27) | −0.20 (−0.48, 0.08) | |
| Face to face | 7 | 1423 | 99.30 (0.000) | 868.82 | −3.79 (−4.80, −2.79)*** | −1.31 (−2.26, −0.37)** | |
| Number of session | 0.510 | ||||||
| ≥10 | 4 | 851 | 98.40 (0.000) | 186.67 | −5.90 (−9.23, −2.58)** | −1.08 (−2.11, −0.04)* | |
| <10 | 4 | 649 | 99.50 (0.000) | 661.83 | −3.53 (−9.69, 2.63) | −1.17 (−2.56, 0.23) | |
| Treatment course | 0.040 | ||||||
| ≥12w | 4 | 1170 | 99.60 (0.000) | 824.84 | −9.45 (−17.33, −1.57)* | −1.42 (−2.93, 0.09) | |
| <12w | 5 | 450 | 90.30 (0.000) | 41.25 | −0.93 (−1.77, −0.10)* | −0.76 (−1.34, −0.18)* | |
| Patients with comorbid mood symptoms | 0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 4 | 680 | 99.50 (0.000) | 605.03 | −9.72 (−15.45, −3.99)** | −1.85 (−2.94, −0.77)** | |
| No | 5 | 940 | 66.90 (0.017) | 12.09 | −0.17 (−0.34, 0.01) | −0.37 (−0.75, 0.00) | |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
MD = Mean difference; SMD = Standard mean difference.