Table 6.
Subgroup analysis on the effect of CBT - based interventions on anxiety symptom.
| Subgroups | Anxiety symptom: post- to pre - treatment effect |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies(n) | Participants(n) | I2% (P) | Q-test | MD (95%,CI) | SMD (95%,CI) | P (between) | |
| Behavioral strategies | 0.250 | ||||||
| Important | 3 | 236 | 96.20 (0.000) | 52.80 | −5.77 (−10.42, −1.13)* | −1.40 (−2.31, −0.49)** | |
| Not important | 7 | 1437 | 98.70 (0.000) | 479.63 | −3.01 (−3.82, −2.20)*** | −1.22 (−1.72, −0.73)*** | |
| Cognitive strategies | 0.002 | ||||||
| Important | 8 | 1462 | 98.80 (0.000) | 591.31 | −4.43 (−5.33, −3.53)*** | −1.45 (−1.94, −0.97)*** | |
| Not important | 2 | 211 | 86.70 (0.006) | 7.49 | −1.26 (−3.01, 0.49) | −0.58 (−0.85, −0.30)*** | |
| Body directed strategies | 0.200 | ||||||
| Important | 7 | 1382 | 98.30 (0.000) | 344.85 | −2.85 (−3.60, −2.10)*** | −1.18 (−1.57, −0.79)*** | |
| Not important | 3 | 291 | 99.20 (0.000) | 244.65 | −7.72 (−15.17, −0.27)* | −1.56 (−3.06, −0.05)* | |
| Homework assignment strategies | 0.070 | ||||||
| Important | 4 | 875 | 97.10 (0.000) | 102.06 | −2.72 (−4.09, −1.35)*** | −1.04 (−1.59, −0.48)*** | |
| Not important | 6 | 798 | 99.00 (0.000) | 497.94 | −5.82 (−8.85, −2.80)*** | −1.43 (−2.03, −0.83)*** | |
| Dietary intervention | 0.010 | ||||||
| Important | 4 | 651 | 98.90 (0.000) | 279.55 | −7.41 (−12.27, −2.55)** | −1.60 (−2.48, −0.72)*** | |
| Not important | 6 | 1022 | 96.20 (0.000) | 130.71 | −1.32 (−1.85, −0.79)*** | −1.05 (−1.44, −0.65)*** | |
| Physical activity | 0.020 | ||||||
| Important | 5 | 771 | 99.00 (0.000) | 389.78 | −5.88 (−9.24, −2.52)** | −1.36 (−2.12, −0.60)*** | |
| Not important | 5 | 902 | 96.90 (0.000) | 130.35 | −1.69 (−2.33, −1.05)*** | −1.18 (−1.66, −0.71)*** | |
| Treatment form | 0.730 | ||||||
| Group | 2 | 664 | 98.90 (0.000) | 93.37 | −6.14 (−17.54, 5.25) | −1.59 (−3.25, 0.07) | |
| Individual | 4 | 677 | 90.60 (0.000) | 31.90 | −4.11 (−6.24, −1.99)*** | −1.04 (−1.50, −0.57)*** | |
| Treatment delivery way | 0.650 | ||||||
| Remote | 2 | 197 | 62.90 (0.101) | 2.69 | −3.16 (−5.39, −0.94)** | −0.72 (−1.01, −0.43)*** | |
| Face to face | 8 | 1476 | 98.80 (0.000) | 580.57 | −3.71 (−4.54, −2.89)*** | −1.42 (−1.92, −0.93)*** | |
| Number of session | 0.400 | ||||||
| ≥10 | 3 | 759 | 99.20 (0.000) | 250.48 | −6.93 (−11.08, −2.78)** | −1.65 (−2.92, −0.38)* | |
| <10 | 6 | 794 | 98.60 (0.000) | 349.26 | −4.68 (−7.80, −1.57)** | −1.26 (−1.70, −0.82)*** | |
| Duration of session | 0.340 | ||||||
| ≥50 min | 5 | 876 | 98.90 (0.000) | 352.67 | −3.45 (−4.36, −2.54)*** | −1.71 (−2.60, −0.82)*** | |
| <50 min | 2 | 480 | 91.50 (0.001) | 11.83 | −4.84 (−7.56, −2.13)*** | −1.36 (−1.80, −0.93)*** | |
| Treatment course | 0.080 | ||||||
| ≥12w | 4 | 1170 | 99.30 (0.000) | 459.21 | −7.23 (−12.16, −2.30)** | −1.58 (−2.33, −0.83)*** | |
| <12w | 6 | 503 | 96.30 (0.000) | 134.03 | −2.77 (−3.94, −1.60)*** | −1.06 (−1.54, −0.59)*** | |
| Patients with comorbid mood symptoms | 0.000 | ||||||
| Yes | 5 | 745 | 99.10 (0.000) | 462.18 | −7.86 (−11.71, −4.01)*** | −1.71 (−2.56, −0.86)*** | |
| No | 5 | 928 | 91.20 (0.000) | 45.36 | −0.77 (−1.16, −0.38)*** | −0.81 (−0.95, −0.68)*** | |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
MD = Mean difference; SMD = Standard mean difference.