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. 2021 Jun 30;12:707355. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707355

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Copyright © 2021 Bunjun, Soares, Thawer, Müller, Kiravu, Ginbot, Corleis, Murugan, Kwon, von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Riou, Wilkinson, Walzl and Burgers

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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T cell activation in BAL and blood. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots of HLA-DR and CD38 expression on T cells in BAL and blood of HIV-infected and uninfected participants. (B) The association between CD4+ T cells expressing CD38 in blood and BAL of HIV-uninfected (n=22) and infected (n=15) individuals. (C) The association between CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 in blood and BAL of HIV-uninfected (n=22) and infected (n=15) individuals. (D) CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD4+ T cells in blood and BAL of HIV-uninfected (n=31 and n=25, respectively) and infected (n=30 and n=19, respectively) individuals. (E) CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD8+ T cells in blood and BAL of HIV-uninfected and infected individuals. Each dot represents an individual. Open circles represent HIV-uninfected individuals and filled circles represent HIV-infected individuals. Statistical comparisons were performed using the non-parametric Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon matched pairs and Spearman correlation tests.