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. 2021 Jul 13;12:402. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02489-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Effects of hNTSC transplantation on the number of inflammatory microglia in 5 × FAD mouse brains. a Confocal microscopy images of the brains in Tg-sham, Tg-hNTSC, and Tg-hBMSC mice after double staining of OCT-embedded sections with antibodies for Iba-1 to detect microglia (green, red) and 6E10 (green) at 7 weeks after stem cell transplantation. Clustered microglial cells were detected in the vicinity of Aβ plaques in the brain tissue. Nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue). Scale bars: 1000 μm, 20 μm. b Iba-1-positive cells were counted in the hippocampus and cortex (n = 5 per group). Values are the mean (SD). For the nonparametric multiple comparison tests, one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether group differences were statistically significant. *P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001. c Western blots of SDS-PAGE gels of proteins extracted from the brain tissues of WT-sham, Tg-sham, Tg-hNTSC, and Tg-hBMSC mice using a primary anti-NEP antibody at 7 weeks after stem cell transplantation. β-actin was used as a loading control. d Values are the mean (SD). e, f The levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue lysates of Tg-sham, Tg-hNTSC, and Tg-hBMSC mice were analyzed by specific ELISA at 7 weeks after stem cell transplantation (n = 5–6 per group). Values are the mean (SD). For the nonparametric multiple comparison tests, one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether group differences were statistically significant. *P < 0.05. All images and data are representative of three independent experiments