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. 2021 Jul 13;12:390. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02438-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — NONFH exosomes could lead to NONFH-like damage on rats. A COR, TRA, SAG, MPR, and 3-DR images of rat femoral heads. COR, coronal; TRA, transverse; SAG, sagittal; MPR, multiplanar reconstruction; 3-DR, three-dimensional reconstruction. B Quantitative analysis of micro-CT scanning. BV/TV, bone volume per tissue volume; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.Th, Trabecular thickness. C H&E staining of the femoral heads (scale bar = 200 μm). D Quantitative analysis of marrow cavity. E The expression of RUNX2 and CD31 in the femoral head of rats were measured by IHC staining (scale bar = 50 μm). F Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1, VEGFA, FGF2, RUNX2, OPN, PPARγ, ALP, and OCN in femoral heads of rats. *P < 0.05, versus PBS group; #P < 0.05, versus FNF exosome group. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM