Table 3.

Internal and external factors in relation with Davis’s (1986) TAM

TAM Components	Factors	Internal	External
External variables
	Mandating technology-based teaching	–	X
	Digital content availability	–	X
	Cultural restrictions	–	X
Perceived usefulness
	Productivity enhancement	X	–
	Career development	X	–
Perceived ease of use
	Basic proficiency	X	–
	Learning through practice	X	–
	Incremental adoption	–	X
Attitude
	Envisioned benefits	X	–
	Willingness	X	–
	Confidence	X	–

A dash indicates an absent value