Borson 2003.
| Study characteristics | |||
| Patient Sampling | Age stratified, random sample for 65 year old and older from population of 17,000 adults across 23 communities in Pennsylvannia. Individuals with questionable dementia (CDR = 0.5) were excluded from the analysis | ||
| Patient characteristics and setting | Patients were English speakers, 65 year old and older with > 6 years of formal education and living in the community
Participant age: mean age (SD) 73.1 (6)
Gender: 611 women, 508 men
Education: median 12 years, minimum 6 years of formal education
Dementia: 76, no dementia: 1043 Mean MMSE Scores (SD): dementia 21.3 (5.8), no dementia 27.8 (1.9) |
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| Index tests | Mini‐Cog scored according to Borson 2000 | ||
| Target condition and reference standard(s) | Clinical diagnosis of dementia, as per the criteria of DSM‐IV‐TR and NINDS‐ADRDA | ||
| Flow and timing | Complete data for all patients | ||
| Comparative | |||
| Notes | |||
| Methodological quality | |||
| Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
| DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
| Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
| Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
| Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | No | ||
| Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (All tests) | |||
| Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
| If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
| Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
| Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Yes | ||
| Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
| Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
| Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
| Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
| Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
| Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||