Table 3:

Plasma cytokine levels between stiff and non-stiff groups over study time periods (bold and underlined: cytokines with significant differences between groups).

		Stiff			Non-Stiff
Cytokine	Time	Number	Mean (SD)	Geometric Mean (95% CI)	Number	Mean (SD)	Geometric Mean (95% CI)	Ratio of Geometric Mean (Stiffness/Nonstiffness) (95% CI)	p-value
Adiponectin	Baseline	32	16.3 (10.3)	12.69 (11.63, 13.86)	130	15.2 (9.8)	12.61 (12.07, 13.17)	1.01 (0.91, 1.11)	0.895
	PACU	32	16.4 (10.6)	12.69 (11.63, 13.86)	129	15.3 (9.9)	12.63 (12.09, 13.20)	1.01 (0.91, 1.11)	0.918
	POD1	30	14.9 (9.2)	11.70 (10.69, 12.80)	126	14.7 (9.0)	12.13 (11.61, 12.68)	0.96 (0.87, 1.07)	0.476
	POD2	31	15.7 (9.5)	11.89 (10.88, 12.99)	109	15.0 (10.2)	13.12 (12.51, 13.75)	0.91 (0.82, 1.00)	0.055
Eotaxin	Baseline	31	135.7 (53.5)	129.19 (118.94, 140.33)	129	140.6 (63.6)	129.82 (124.66, 135.19)	1.00 (0.91, 1.09)	0.918
	PACU	31	133.1 (52.1)	124.53 (114.50, 135.44)	127	132.1 (53.3)	123.15 (118.20, 128.30)	1.01 (0.92, 1.11)	0.814
	POD1	30	122.9 (51.4)	112.34 (103.15, 122.35)	123	121.8 (51.1)	111.45 (106.89, 116.21)	1.01 (0.92, 1.11)	0.869
	POD2	30	93.6 (34)	90.23 (82.85, 98.28)	103	99.3 (38.7)	90.98 (86.93, 95.23)	0.99 (0.90, 1.09)	0.866
Eotaxin3	Baseline	32	40.4 (81.8)	14.25 (10.53, 19.29)	123	25.6 (37.3)	14.59 (12.50, 17.03)	0.98 (0.70, 1.37)	0.892
	PACU	30	30.2 (50.2)	15.20 (11.12, 20.78)	127	27.0 (34.8)	15.31 (13.09, 17.91)	0.99 (0.70, 1.41)	0.969
	POD1	29	43.3 (66.8)	22.86 (16.64, 31.40)	122	22.3 (19.3)	15.78 (13.44, 18.52)	1.45 (1.02, 2.07)	0.040
	POD2	29	31.7 (51.7)	14.26 (10.38, 19.58)	104	25.2 (29.3)	14.93 (12.58, 17.71)	0.96 (0.67, 1.37)	0.802
GM_CSF	Baseline	31	0.4 (0.4)	0.28 (0.21, 0.37)	130	0.5 (0.5)	0.31 (0.27, 0.36)	0.88 (0.64, 1.22)	0.456
	PACU	32	0.8 (2.5)	0.32 (0.24, 0.42)	129	0.5 (0.4)	0.34 (0.30, 0.40)	0.92 (0.67, 1.27)	0.613
	POD1	30	1.4 (4.1)	0.33 (0.24, 0.44)	126	0.4 (0.5)	0.25 (0.22, 0.29)	1.31 (0.94, 1.83)	0.108
	POD2	31	0.5 (1.0)	0.27 (0.20, 0.36)	109	0.6 (1.0)	0.31 (0.27, 0.36)	0.86 (0.62, 1.20)	0.383
IFNGamma	Baseline	32	2.9 (1.7)	2.46 (2.00, 3.02)	130	3.6 (4.7)	2.42 (2.19, 2.68)	1.02 (0.81, 1.28)	0.894
	PACU	32	2.6 (1.5)	2.13 (1.74, 2.62)	129	3.6 (4.7)	2.42 (2.18, 2.68)	0.88 (0.70, 1.11)	0.288
	POD1	30	1.7 (0.9)	1.39 (1.12, 1.72)	126	2.5 (2.9)	1.61 (1.45, 1.78)	0.86 (0.68, 1.09)	0.221
	POD2	31	2.9 (3.4)	1.98 (1.61, 2.44)	109	3.1 (3.1)	2.24 (2.00, 2.50)	0.88 (0.70, 1.12)	0.303
IL_10	Baseline	32	0.2 (0.2)	0.17 (0.14, 0.22)	130	0.2 (0.2)	0.17 (0.15, 0.18)	1.05 (0.83, 1.34)	0.664
	PACU	32	1.2 (0.9)	0.92 (0.74, 1.14)	129	1.0 (0.9)	0.76 (0.68, 0.84)	1.21 (0.95, 1.54)	0.124
	POD1	30	0.8 (0.6)	0.60 (0.48, 0.75)	126	0.8 (0.7)	0.59 (0.53, 0.66)	1.02 (0.80, 1.31)	0.849
	POD2	31	0.6 (0.4)	0.46 (0.37, 0.57)	109	0.5 (0.3)	0.47 (0.42, 0.53)	0.97 (0.76, 1.24)	0.816
IL1_alpha	Baseline	32	0.4 (0.6)	0.16 (0.10, 0.25)	127	0.5 (0.8)	0.16 (0.13, 0.20)	1.03 (0.63, 1.66)	0.915
	PACU	31	0.6 (1.0)	0.18 (0.11, 0.28)	127	0.5 (1.1)	0.16 (0.13, 0.19)	1.14 (0.69, 1.85)	0.612
	POD1	29	0.5 (1.1)	0.15 (0.10, 0.24)	124	0.7 (3.2)	0.13 (0.10, 0.16)	1.17 (0.71, 1.93)	0.546
	POD2	29	0.3 (0.4)	0.12 (0.08, 0.19)	105	0.5 (1.3)	0.16 (0.12, 0.20)	0.75 (0.45, 1.26)	0.279
IL1_beta	Baseline	32	0.1 (0.1)	0.07 (0.06, 0.10)	122	0.6 (5.4)	0.08 (0.07, 0.09)	0.98 (0.73, 1.31)	0.894
	PACU	32	0.1 (0.1)	0.08 (0.06, 0.10)	121	0.1 (0.1)	0.08 (0.07, 0.09)	0.98 (0.73, 1.31)	0.884
	POD1	30	0.1 (0.2)	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)	122	0.4 (2.0)	0.12 (0.10, 0.14)	0.82 (0.61, 1.11)	0.198
	POD2	31	0.2 (0.2)	0.10 (0.08, 0.13)	104	0.2 (0.2)	0.11 (0.10, 0.13)	0.89 (0.66, 1.21)	0.469
IL2	Baseline	32	0.7 (3.5)	0.09 (0.08, 0.11)	125	0.1 (0.2)	0.09 (0.08, 0.10)	0.99 (0.81, 1.21)	0.936
	PACU	32	0.7 (3.3)	0.10 (0.08, 0.12)	129	0.1 (0.2)	0.10 (0.09, 0.11)	1.00 (0.82, 1.23)	0.972
	POD1	30	0.7 (3.1)	0.11 (0.09, 0.14)	122	0.2 (0.3)	0.12 (0.11, 0.13)	0.95 (0.77, 1.17)	0.626
	POD2	31	0.6 (2.8)	0.14 (0.11, 0.16)	109	0.2 (0.2)	0.12 (0.11, 0.14)	1.10 (0.89, 1.35)	0.39
IL4	Baseline	32	0.0 (0.0)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	130	0.0 (0.0)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	1.02 (0.80, 1.30)	0.873
	PACU	32	0.0 (0.0)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	129	0.0 (0.0)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	0.88 (0.69, 1.11)	0.275
	POD1	30	0.0 (0.0)	0.03 (0.02, 0.03)	126	0.0 (0.1)	0.03 (0.03, 0.03)	0.86 (0.68, 1.11)	0.245
	POD2	31	0.0 (0.0)	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)	109	0.0 (0.0)	0.03 (0.02, 0.03)	0.86 (0.67, 1.10)	0.220
IL5	Baseline	32	0.3 (0.3)	0.25 (0.18, 0.35)	130	0.4 (0.5)	0.27 (0.22, 0.31)	0.95 (0.65, 1.39)	0.795
	PACU	32	0.4 (0.5)	0.23 (0.16, 0.32)	129	0.4 (0.5)	0.25 (0.21, 0.30)	0.90 (0.62, 1.32)	0.595
	POD1	30	0.6 (0.7)	0.36 (0.26, 0.51)	126	2.5 (7.9)	0.54 (0.45, 0.64)	0.68 (0.46, 1.00)	0.048
	POD2	31	1.2 (2.1)	0.62 (0.44, 0.87)	109	2.7 (9.3)	0.84 (0.70, 1.01)	0.73 (0.50, 1.08)	0.115
IL6	Baseline	32	1.1 (0.9)	0.78 (0.62, 0.99)	130	1.1 (1.8)	0.75 (0.67, 0.84)	1.04 (0.81, 1.35)	0.738
	PACU	32	1.4 (1.6)	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	129	5.5 (48.9)	1.07 (0.95, 1.20)	0.97 (0.75, 1.25)	0.803
	POD1	30	23 (15.1)	18.13 (14.29, 23.00)	126	29.3 (27.4)	21.49 (19.12, 24.14)	0.84 (0.65, 1.10)	0.208
	POD2	31	19.6 (12.6)	15.79 (12.49, 19.96)	109	23.7 (22.8)	18.71 (16.52, 21.20)	0.84 (0.65, 1.10)	0.210
IL7	Baseline	32	1.4 (0.8)	1.15 (1.01, 1.31)	130	1.3 (0.6)	1.13 (1.06, 1.20)	1.02 (0.88, 1.18)	0.775
	PACU	32	1.6 (0.7)	1.40 (1.23, 1.59)	129	1.7 (1.0)	1.56 (1.46, 1.66)	0.90 (0.78, 1.04)	0.148
	POD1	30	2.0 (1.0)	1.66 (1.45, 1.89)	126	2.0 (1.2)	1.79 (1.68, 1.91)	0.93 (0.80, 1.08)	0.319
	POD2	31	2.1 (0.9)	1.83 (1.61, 2.09)	109	2.3 (1.3)	2.13 (1.99, 2.29)	0.86 (0.74, 1.00)	0.043
IL8	Baseline	32	4.6 (3.5)	3.96 (3.51, 4.46)	130	4.8 (6.1)	3.97 (3.74, 4.21)	1.00 (0.87, 1.14)	0.959
	PACU	32	4.9 (4.2)	4.03 (3.58, 4.54)	128	4.9 (6.2)	3.85 (3.63, 4.09)	1.05 (0.92, 1.19)	0.508
	POD1	30	6.9 (5.2)	5.81 (5.14, 6.56)	126	7.3 (7.7)	5.96 (5.61, 6.33)	0.97 (0.85, 1.12)	0.705
	POD2	31	6.5 (5.6)	5.47 (4.85, 6.17)	109	7.8 (9.4)	6.06 (5.69, 6.46)	0.90 (0.79, 1.03)	0.138
Il12_23p40	Baseline	32	100.5 (51)	88.13 (80.23, 96.82)	130	98.7 (46.2)	87.99 (83.98, 92.19)	1.00 (0.90, 1.11)	0.975
	PACU	32	101.0 (48.0)	89.39 (81.37, 98.19)	129	103.7 (48.4)	92.23 (88.00, 96.67)	0.97 (0.87, 1.08)	0.557
	POD1	30	46.1 (24.4)	40.07 (36.38, 44.13)	126	50.6 (27.8)	44.72 (42.65, 46.89)	0.90 (0.80, 1.00)	0.045
	POD2	31	55.4 (33.1)	47.30 (43.00, 52.02)	109	63.9 (39.4)	55.70 (52.97, 58.59)	0.85 (0.76, 0.95)	0.003
IL12p70	Baseline	32	0.1 (0.0)	0.08 (0.07, 0.09)	124	0.1 (0.3)	0.08 (0.07, 0.09)	0.98 (0.82, 1.18)	0.835
	PACU	32	0.1 (0.0)	0.08 (0.07, 0.09)	123	0.1 (0.3)	0.09 (0.08, 0.09)	0.91 (0.76, 1.10)	0.335
	POD1	30	0.1 (0.1)	0.12 (0.10, 0.14)	125	0.2 (0.4)	0.13 (0.12, 0.14)	0.93 (0.77, 1.12)	0.460
	POD2	31	0.1 (0.1)	0.10 (0.09, 0.12)	108	0.2 (0.4)	0.13 (0.11, 0.14)	0.82 (0.68, 0.99)	0.037
IL13	Baseline	32	0.3 (0.3)	0.31 (0.26, 0.35)	123	0.3 (0.2)	0.31 (0.29, 0.33)	0.99 (0.84, 1.17)	0.910
	PACU	32	0.4 (0.3)	0.31 (0.27, 0.36)	123	0.4 (0.2)	0.31 (0.29, 0.33)	0.99 (0.84, 1.17)	0.949
	POD1	30	0.5 (0.3)	0.44 (0.38, 0.51)	123	0.6 (0.4)	0.45 (0.42, 0.49)	0.97 (0.82, 1.14)	0.691
	POD2	31	0.5 (0.3)	0.44 (0.38, 0.51)	107	0.6 (0.4)	0.47 (0.43, 0.51)	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	0.530
IL15	Baseline	32	1.8 (0.5)	1.68 (1.56, 1.80)	130	1.7 (0.6)	1.66 (1.60, 1.72)	1.01 (0.93, 1.09)	0.827
	PACU	32	1.8 (0.8)	1.65 (1.53, 1.77)	129	1.7 (0.5)	1.63 (1.57, 1.69)	1.01 (0.93, 1.09)	0.831
	POD1	30	3.5 (1.6)	3.11 (2.89, 3.35)	126	3.2 (1.5)	2.94 (2.84, 3.05)	1.06 (0.98, 1.15)	0.167
	POD2	31	3.5 (1.1)	3.25 (3.02, 3.50)	109	3.4 (1.0)	3.26 (3.14, 3.39)	1.00 (0.92, 1.08)	0.952
IL16	Baseline	32	189.8 (66.1)	184.64 (172.50, 197.65)	130	198.2 (61.3)	186.46 (180.27, 192.86)	0.99 (0.92, 1.07)	0.800
	PACU	32	219.1 (70.8)	214.19 (200.09, 229.27)	129	229.0 (67.6)	217.80 (210.52, 225.33)	0.98 (0.91, 1.06)	0.666
	POD1	30	209.2 (71.3)	204.12 (190.34, 218.89)	126	232.5 (97.7)	214.64 (207.40, 222.14)	0.95 (0.88, 1.03)	0.205
	POD2	31	220.0 (73.9)	214.60 (200.31, 229.92)	109	262.9 (99.7)	246.53 (237.70, 255.68)	0.87 (0.81, 0.94)	0.000
IL17a	Baseline	32	2.2 (2.0)	1.61 (1.36, 1.90)	128	2.2 (2.0)	1.61 (1.48, 1.75)	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.983
	PACU	32	1.8 (1.4)	1.39 (1.18, 1.65)	125	2.2 (2.2)	1.63 (1.50, 1.77)	0.86 (0.71, 1.03)	0.108
	POD1	30	1.5 (1.1)	1.13 (0.95, 1.34)	123	2.1 (2.4)	1.36 (1.25, 1.48)	0.83 (0.68, 1.00)	0.055
	POD2	31	1.5 (1.1)	1.24 (1.05, 1.47)	106	2.4 (4.6)	1.61 (1.47, 1.77)	0.77 (0.64, 0.93)	0.008
IP10	Baseline	32	332.5 (344.3)	267.28 (240.44, 297.13)	130	304.7 (197.5)	267.32 (253.65, 281.74)	1.00 (0.89, 1.13)	0.998
	PACU	32	307.8 (284.4)	251.71 (226.43, 279.82)	128	331.3 (333.6)	279.38 (264.93, 294.62)	0.90 (0.80, 1.01)	0.084
	POD1	30	193.3 (124.0)	161.72 (145.00, 180.36)	126	199.6 (102.8)	183.30 (173.75, 193.37)	0.88 (0.78, 1.00)	0.043
	POD2	31	316.6 (385.5)	242.08 (217.42, 269.53)	109	294.4 (172.0)	258.84 (244.43, 274.09)	0.94 (0.83, 1.06)	0.280
Leptin	Baseline	32	30.6 (34.6)	14.85 (12.82, 17.19)	128	30.9 (33.2)	14.71 (13.69, 15.81)	1.01 (0.86, 1.19)	0.914
	PACU	32	32.4 (35.8)	14.68 (12.68, 17.00)	126	30.4 933.7)	14.48 (13.45, 15.59)	1.01 (0.86, 1.19)	0.868
	POD1	30	34.0 (37.8)	34.54 (29.53, 40.40)	125	57.1 (50.2)	34.52 (32.06, 37.16)	1.00 (0.84, 1.19)	0.994
	POD2	31	39.8 (39.4)	19.08 (16.39, 22.19)	108	34.5 (35.5)	17.23 (15.92, 18.65)	1.11 (0.93, 1.31)	0.243
MCP1	Baseline	32	67.4 (18.0)	64.22 (58.44, 70.57)	130	66.3 (19.8)	63.95 (61.02, 67.01)	1.00 (0.90, 1.12)	0.937
	PACU	32	56.2 (20.6)	52.35 (47.64, 57.53)	128	54.5 (19.0)	51.62 (49.24, 54.13)	1.01 (0.91, 1.13)	0.794
	POD1	30	79.1 (32.1)	73.63 (66.80, 81.15)	126	85.7 (36.4)	79.16 (75.48, 83.03)	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)	0.189
	POD2	31	79.6 (30.1)	73.17 (66.48, 80.52)	109	85.0 (40.2)	77.64 (73.76, 81.72)	0.94 (0.85, 1.05)	0.283
MCP4	Baseline	32	54.7 (18.7)	49.73 (45.47, 54.40)	130	69.6 (210.8)	49.22 (47.08, 51.46)	1.01 (0.91, 1.12)	0.839
	PACU	32	48.7 (15.0)	44.68 (40.85, 48.87)	129	64.5 (181.3)	46.64 (44.60, 48.78)	0.96 (0.87, 1.06)	0.399
	POD1	30	40.5 (16.9)	34.95 (31.87, 38.33)	125	37.2 (14.1)	35.34 (33.77, 36.98)	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	0.833
	POD2	31	37.3 (11.8)	34.90 (31.87, 38.23)	109	48.4 (107.5)	36.87 (35.14, 38.70)	0.95 (0.85, 1.05)	0.295
MDC	Baseline	32	696.3 (220.3)	645.24 (612.45, 679.78)	130	677.0 (229.8)	641.43 (625.05, 658.23)	1.01 (0.95, 1.07)	0.841
	PACU	32	695.9 (220.6)	643.70 (611.00, 678.16)	129	689.6 (221.7)	659.39 (642.44, 676.78)	0.98 (0.92, 1.03)	0.417
	POD1	30	494.8 (153.0)	471.48 (446.91, 497.39)	126	500.0 (156.6)	477.05 (464.67, 489.76)	0.99 (0.93, 1.05)	0.698
	POD2	31	528.9 (128.2)	500.18 (474.45, 527.31)	109	529.9 (148.2)	518.25 (503.98, 532.92)	0.97 (0.91, 1.02)	0.243
MIP1alpha	Baseline	32	26.0 (23.5)	19.66 (16.16, 23.92)	127	26.4 (24.0)	20.11 (18.23, 22.19)	0.98 (0.78, 1.22)	0.839
	PACU	32	23.2 (20.3)	19.05 (15.61, 23.25)	128	24.2 (21.0)	18.61 (16.85, 20.55)	1.02 (0.82, 1.28)	0.834
	POD1	30	26.7 (21.4)	21.16 (17.25, 25.96)	122	26.8 (32.9)	19.58 (17.70, 21.66)	1.08 (0.86, 1.36)	0.504
	POD2	31	23.9 (18.2)	20.75 (16.97, 25.39)	103	27.3 (28.2)	20.32 (18.22, 22.67)	1.02 (0.81, 1.28)	0.856
MIP1beta	Baseline	32	42.9 (17.5)	37.64 (34.21, 41.42)	130	44.1 (54.9)	37.25 (35.52, 39.05)	1.01 (0.91, 1.12)	0.845
	PACU	32	43.9 (18.9)	38.20 (34.71, 42.04)	129	43.6 (51.1)	37.30 (35.56, 39.13)	1.02 (0.92, 1.14)	0.662
	POD1	30	58.8 (14.3)	54.71 (49.58, 60.36)	126	82.0 (225.4)	59.63 (56.82, 62.58)	0.92 (0.82, 1.02)	0.123
	POD2	31	56.2 (26.1)	49.19 (44.64, 54.20)	109	69.4 (165.1)	52.59 (49.95, 55.37)	0.94 (0.84, 1.04)	0.232
TARC	Baseline	32	19.5 (6.7)	19.21 (16.82, 21.94)	128	22.4 (12.5)	19.41 (18.16, 20.74)	0.99 (0.85, 1.15)	0.890
	PACU	32	20.6 (7.4)	20.46 (17.88, 23.42)	127	25.0 (11.9)	21.89 (20.47, 23.42)	0.93 (0.80, 1.09)	0.379
	POD1	30	17.9 (6.0)	18.13 (15.78, 20.84)	122	23.3 (23.9)	18.65 (17.41, 19.98)	0.97 (0.83, 1.14)	0.721
	POD2	31	20.8 (17.1)	17.81 (15.57, 20.38)	106	26.0 (24.6)	19.06 (17.71, 20.50)	0.93 (0.80, 1.09)	0.387
TNFalpha	Baseline	32	1.8 (0.7)	1.62 (1.50, 1.75)	130	1.7 (0.6)	1.61 (1.55, 1.67)	1.01 (0.92, 1.10)	0.887
	PACU	32	1.6 (0.6)	1.45 (1.34, 1.57)	129	1.6 (0.5)	1.49 (1.43, 1.55)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)	0.54
	POD1	30	1.8 (0.8)	1.65 (1.52, 1.79)	126	1.9 (0.7)	1.79 (1.72, 1.86)	0.92 (0.85, 1.01)	0.080
	POD2	31	2.1 (0.9)	1.95 (1.80, 2.11)	109	2.2 (0.7)	2.07 (1.98, 2.16)	0.94 (0.86, 1.03)	0.180
TNFbeta	Baseline	32	0.4 (0.2)	0.33 (0.28, 0.38)	130	0.4 (0.2)	0.34 (0.31, 0.36)	0.97 (0.82, 1.14)	0.723
	PACU	32	0.4 (0.2)	0.32 (0.28, 0.37)	129	0.4 (0.2)	0.33 (0.30, 0.35)	0.99 (0.84, 1.16)	0.859
	POD1	30	0.3 (0.1)	0.28 (0.24, 0.32)	126	0.3 (0.1)	0.26 (0.24, 0.28)	1.09 (0.92, 1.28)	0.325
	POD2	31	0.3 (0.2)	0.25 (0.21, 0.29)	109	0.3 (0.3)	0.27 (0.25, 0.29)	0.91 (0.77, 1.07)	0.256
VEGF	Baseline	32	12.0 (4.8)	11.13 (10.00, 12.40)	130	11.7 (4.0)	11.07 (10.50, 11.68)	1.01 (0.89, 1.13)	0.925
	PACU	32	11.8 (6.6)	10.34 (9.29, 11.51)	129	11.8 (5.1)	10.86 (10.29, 11.46)	0.95 (0.84, 1.07)	0.421
	POD1	30	20.0 (6.9)	18.92 (16.93, 21.13)	126	25.8 (11.6)	23.63 (22.38, 24.95)	0.80 (0.71, 0.91)	0.000
	POD2	31	18.9 (8.0)	17.01 (15.25, 18.96)	109	21.4 (7.7)	20.23 (19.09, 21.45)	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)	0.005

Abbreviations- SD: standard deviation, CI: confidence interval, GM_CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, IFNgamma: interferon-gamma, IL: interleukin, IP: interferon-gamma induced protein, MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein, MDC: macrophage-derived chemokine, MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein, TARC: thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, VEGF: vascular endothelium growth factor