Table 1:

Summary of the validation methods’ characteristics.

method abbreviation	target of comparison13	matching distance	matching structure	split or match first
prd	response	NA	NA	NA
cvr	HTE	covariate dist.	FACT matching	match
full	HTE	proximity score dist.	full matching	match
S-M	HTE	proximity score dist.	FACT matching	split
prgn	HTE	prognostic score dist.	FACT matching	match
combo	HTE	proximity score dist.	FACT matching	match