TABLE 2.
Use and Knowledge of Vaccines and Drugs on Tanzanian Poultry Farms Across a Gradient of Intensification
| Farm Type | Statistics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic | Total n | Broiler n | Intensive n | Semi-intensive n | Extensive n | Chi-square | P Value |
| Vaccines | |||||||
| Gumboro | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3.1 | .38 |
| Newcastle disease | 20 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 15.2 | .002 |
| Pox | 13 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10.4 | <.02 |
| Drugs | |||||||
| Antihelminthics | 20 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4.0 | .26 |
| Antimicrobials | |||||||
| Routinely | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14.4 | .002 |
| Occasionally | 12 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4.8 | .19 |
| When birds are sick | 16 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5.8 | .12 |
| Traditional herbs | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 8.8 | .03 |
| Drug choice based on | |||||||
| Personal experience | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5.0 | .17 |
| Drug seller's advice | 21 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 4.3 | .23 |
| Veterinary advice | 9 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2.5 | .48 |
| Knowledge of | |||||||
| Antimicrobials in poultry feed | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.2 | .53 |
| Residue impact on people | 17 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.3 | .99 |
| Withdrawal time | |||||||
| Aware | 17 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4.4 | .22 |
| Abides | 9 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1.6 | .66 |