TABLE 3.

Diabetes duration until first MACE (TUF MACE)

Ethnic group	No retinopathy		Mild/Moderate retinopathy only		Severe retinopathy
	Europeans	SA	Europeans	SA	Europeans	SA
Crude model a TUF MACE (yrs) all patients	−1.4			−2.1		−2.1
HR TUF MACE all patients (95% CI)	0.87 (0.8–1.0)			1.2 (0.97–1.5)		1.2 (0.99–1.5)
Model 2 b TUF MACE (yrs) all patients	−0.9			−2.8		−1.9
HR TUF MACE all patients (95% CI)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)			1.3 (1.1–1.6)		1.2 (0.97–1.5)
Model 3 c TUF MACE in yrs all patients		−4.1		−7.3		−7.4
HR TUF MACE all patients (95% CI)		1.5 (1.3–1.8)		2.1 (1.6–2.6)		2.0 (1.6–2.6)

Abbreviations: SA, South Asians; TUF, Time until first MACE.

^a Crude model only ethnicity included.

^b Model 2 additionally including the classic risk factors (sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking).

^c Model 3 = after adjustment for classic risk factors and age at diabetes diagnosis.