Table 1.
The frequency of different TNM staging system of prostate cancer and the corresponding relationship with family history and smoking.
| TNM staging system (n= 40) | Frequency (%) | Smoking habit | Family history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | NA (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | NA (% | ||
| T1N0M0 | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | - | - | - | 1 (2.5) | - |
| T1N1M1 | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | - | - | 1 (2.5) | - | - |
| T2N1M0 | 19 (47.5) | 11 (27.5) | 7 (17.5) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | 15 (37.5) | 1 (2.5) |
| T2N1M1 | 4 (10) | - | 4 (10) | - | - | 4 (10) | - |
| T2N2M1 | 7 (17.5) | 4 (10) | 3 (7.5) | - | 2 (5) | 4 (10) | 1 (2.5) |
| T3N1M1 | 2 (5) | - | 2 (5) | - | 2 (5) | - | - |
| T4N1M1 | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | - | - | - | 1 (2.5) | - |
| NA | 5 (12.5) | 2 (5) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.5) |
T0: In these cases, there is no evidence of tumor in the prostate tissue.
T1: The tumor cannot be detected during a digital rectal exam (DRE) and cannot be seen using imaging tests.
T2: The tumor is large enough to be detected during DRE.
T3: The tumor has grown through the prostate on 1 side and into the tissue just outside the prostate.
T4: The tumor is fixed, or it is growing into adjacent structures other than the seminal vesicles.
N0: Prostate cancer has not yet extended to the regional lymph nodes.
N1: In these cases, the cancer has extended to the pelvic lymph nodes.
M0: Prostate cancer has not metastasized.
M1: Metastasis to distant tissues has occurred.
* TNM staging system was not applicable on five samples.