Figure 3.

Ouabain increased ROS production and generated DNA double-strand breaks. (A) A549, Hela and HCT116 cells were treated with different concentrations of ouabain for 24 hours, and ROS generation was determined by staining the cells with DCFH-DA. (B) Cells were treated with ouabain (0, 50, 100 nM) for 24 or 48 hours, and expression of γ-H2AX were measured by Western blotting. (C) Hela cells were immunostained for γ-H2AX foci (red) after exposed to ouabain for 24 hours. (D) The number of γ-H2AX foci per cell. ^*** P < 0.001 versus control group, n = 3.