Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Variables | Qiaokou (training) cohort | P* | Caidian (validation) cohort | P* | P † | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATB (n = 1,097) | LTBI (n = 962) | ATB (n = 372) | LTBI (n = 511) | ||||
| Sex, male, % | 63.26% | 60.29% | 0.173 | 65.32% | 61.64% | 0.289 | 0.507 |
| Age, years | 50.55 ± 16.80 | 51.84 ± 14.16 | 0.102 | 51.50 ± 17.04 | 52.10 ± 14.11 | 0.975 | 0.218 |
| Presence of BCG scar | 46.95% | 39.92% | <0.001 | 45.70% | 36.99% | <0.01 | 0.133 |
| TB history | 22.97% | 0.00% | <0.001 | 23.12% | 0.00% | <0.001 | 0.058 |
| Underlying condition or illness | |||||||
| HIV infection | 0.36% | 0.00% | 0.128 | 0.27% | 0.00% | 0.421 | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7.66% | 5.93% | 0.121 | 9.95% | 7.05% | 0.122 | 0.174 |
| End-stage renal disease | 3.74% | 2.49% | 0.108 | 4.84% | 2.74% | 0.099 | 0.516 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1.09% | 0.73% | 0.386 | 2.15% | 1.17% | 0.251 | 0.118 |
| Hematological malignancy | 2.83% | 2.18% | 0.354 | 3.23% | 1.57% | 0.102 | 0.675 |
| Solid tumor | 11.30% | 9.04% | 0.092 | 9.95% | 7.24% | 0.152 | 0.117 |
| Organ transplantation | 2.92% | 1.77% | 0.088 | 3.49% | 1.76% | 0.103 | 0.856 |
| Other bacterial infection‡ | 3.19% | 0.00% | <0.001 | 4.03% | 0.00% | <0.001 | 0.998 |
| Rheumatic immune diseases | 4.10% | 2.91% | 0.145 | 3.76% | 3.13% | 0.609 | 0.841 |
| Positive mycobacterial culture | 86.96% | N/A | N/A | 88.98% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Positive Xpert MTB/RIF | 77.85% | N/A | N/A | 79.57% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
ATB, active tuberculosis; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; BCG, bacille Calmette-Guérin; TB, tuberculosis; N/A, not applicable. *Comparisons were performed between ATB and LTBI groups using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test. †Comparisons were performed between Qiaokou and Caidian cohorts using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test. ‡Bacterial infection was diagnosed by microbiological evidences. Data were presented as means ± SD or percentages.