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. 2021 Jun 30;12:687381. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381

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Copyright © 2021 Bayarri, Milara, Estornut and Cortijo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proinflammatory stimuli and cytokines induce epithelial iNOS expression producing an increase of NO. (1) NO reacts with superoxide (O₂^–) and generates peroxynitrite (ONOO^–) that, with other ROS damage tumoral cells and several intracellular organelles of pathogens. (2) NO is involved in several cell signaling pathways by protein S-nitrosylation. (3) NO binds to sGC of epithelial cells or other target cells such as muscle cells and produces cGMP. PDE5 degrades cGMP into GMP. The image has been created with Biorender.