Table 3.

Amlodipine patient-level characteristics

Characteristic	Controls (n = 83 732)	Cases (n = 2512)	P
Female	0.54 (45 315)	0.65 (1637)	<.001
White	0.75 (63 144)	0.83 (2083)	<.001
Age, years	63 (53–72)	65 (55–73)	<.001
Observation period length, days	287 (14–365)	206 (38–365)	.91
Unique drug exposures, count	12 (8–20)	13 (8–22)	<.001
Phecodes 053.* (Herpes zoster)	2.93E-03 (245)	3.18E-03 (8)	.81
Phecodes 054.* (Herpes simplex)	1.97E-03 (165)	2.39E-03 (6)	.64
Phecodes 244.* (Hypothyroidism)	0.05 (4558)	0.08 (201)	<.001
Phecodes 250.* (Diabetes mellitus)	0.16 (13 144)	0.15 (365)	.11
Phecodes 272.* (Disorders of lipid metabolism)	0.21 (17 898)	0.37 (927)	<.001
Phecodes 300.* (Anxiety, phobic and dissociative disorders)	0.04 (3325)	0.05 (114)	.15
Phecodes 401.* (Hypertensive disorder)	0.43 (36 059)	0.68 (1702)	<.001
Phecodes 411.* (Myocardial infarction)	0.14 (11 898)	0.15 (371)	.43
Phecodes 414.* (Other forms of chronic heart disease)	0.02 (1968)	0.02 (46)	.09
Phecodes 418.* (Chest pain)	0.11 (9170)	0.14 (348)	<.001
Phecodes 427.* (Cardiac dysrhythmias)	0.12 (10 096)	0.14 (355)	.002
Phecodes 428.* (Congestive heart failure)	0.06 (4609)	0.05 (138)	.98
Phecodes 530.* (Esophageal disorders)	0.08 (6706)	0.09 (228)	.053
Phecodes 536.* (Disorders of function of stomach)	0.01 (858)	0.01 (18)	.13

For continuous variables, numbers represent median (interquartile range).

For dichotomous variables, numbers after proportions are counts.

P values indicate differences between cases and controls. For continuous variables, P values were calculated using Mann-Whitney test. For dichotomous variables, P values were calculated using ${\mathrm{\chi }}^2$ test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

For phecodes, * means ≥1 digit or a period (eg, phecode 401.* = phecodes 401, 401.1, 401.2, 401.21, 401.22, or 401.3).