Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| First author | Country | Study design | Mean age (SD) | Female (%) | Total sample size | Total no of cases with aggressive features, n (%) | BMI categories n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | |||||||
| Advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage | |||||||||
| Kim HJ, 2013 | South Korea | RC | 46 ( ± 13) | 87% | 2057 | 904 (43.9%) | 1243 (60.4%) | 661 (32.1%) | 95 (4.6%) |
| Wu C, 2017 | China | RC | 46 ( ± 11.6) | 76.8% | 796 | 255 (32%) | 403 (50.6%) | 311 (39.1%) | 64 (8.0%) |
| Feng JW, 2019 | China | RC | 45 ( ± 12) | 74.6% | 417 | 85 (20.4%) | 247 (59.2%) | 132 (31.7%) | 25 (6.0%) |
| Liu Z, 2015 | China | RC | n/a | 84.4%
a
80.7% b |
501
a
810 b |
237 (29.3%) | 351
a
(70%) 568 b (70.1%) |
115
a
(23%) 179 b (22.1%) |
8
a
(1.6%) 21 b (2.6%) |
| Harari A, 2012 | USA | RC | 48.2 | 72.9% | 443 | 89 (20.0%) | 175 (39.5%) | 141 (31.8%) | 127 (28.7%) |
| Tumor Size | |||||||||
| Kim HJ, 2013 | South Korea | RC | 46 ( ± 13) | 87% | 2057 | 1202 (58.4%) | 1243 (60.4%) | 661 (32.1%) | 95 (4.6%) |
| Wu C, 2017 | China | RC | 46 ( ± 11.6) | 76.8% | 796 | 424 (53.3%) | 403 (50.6%) | 311 (39.1%) | 64 (8.0%) |
| Feng JW, 2019 | China | RC | 45 ( ± 12) | 74.6% | 417 | 221(53.0%) | 247 (59.2%) | 132 (31.7%) | 25 (6.0%) |
| Liu Z, 2015 | China | RC | n/a | 84.4%
a
80.7% b |
810 | 309 (38.1%) | 568 (70.1%) | 179 (22.1%) | 21 (2.6%) |
| Li CL, 2020 | China | RC | 42.9 ( ± 9.5) | 78.7% | 13995 | 3173 (22.7%) | 8133 (58.1%) | 4572 (32.7%) | 846 (6.0%) |
| Extrathyroidal extension | |||||||||
| Kim HJ, 2013 | South Korea | RC | 46 ( ± 13) | 87% | 2057 | 1592 (77.4%) | 1243 (60.4%) | 661 (32.1%) | 90 (4.6%) |
| Wu C, 2017 | China | RC | 46 ( ± 11.6) | 76.8% | 796 | 308 (38.7%) | 403 (50.6%) | 311 (39.1%) | 64 (8.0%) |
| Feng J, 2019 | China | RC | 45 ( ± 12) | 74.6% | 417 | 63 (15.1%) | 247 (59.2%) | 132 (31.7%) | 25 (6.0%) |
| Liu Z, 2015 | China | RC | n/a | 84.4%
a
80.7% b |
501
a
810 b |
327 (40.4%) | 351
a
(70%) 568 b (70.1%) |
115
a
(23%) 179 b (22.1%) |
8
a
(1.6%) 21 b (2.6%) |
| Li CL, 2020 | China | RC | 42.9 ( ± 9.5) | 78.7% | 13995 | 3735 (26.7%) | 8133 (58.1%) | 4572 (32.7%) | 846 (6.0%) |
| Zaman SU, 2018 | Pakistan | RC | 44.6 ( ± 14.3) | 71.7% | 53 | 12 (22.6%) | 28 (52.8%) | n/a | 25 (47.1%) |
| Kim SK, 2016 | South Korea | RC | n/a | 78.2% | 5081 | 3440 (67.7%) | 3255 (64.1%) | 1582 (31.1%) | 244 (4.8%) |
| Multifocality | |||||||||
| Kim HJ, 2013 | South Korea | RC | 46 ( ± 13) | 87% | 2057 | 640 (31.1%) | 1243 (60.4%) | 661 (32.1%) | 90 (4.6%) |
| Wu C, 2017 | China | RC | 46 ( ± 11.6) | 76.8% | 796 | 348 (43.7%) | 403 (50.6%) | 311 (39.1%) | 64 (8.0%) |
| Feng JW, 2019 | China | RC | 45 ( ± 12) | 74.6% | 417 | 123 (29.5%) | 247 (59.2%) | 132 (31.7%) | 25 (6.0%) |
| Liu Z, 2015 | China | RC | n/a | 84.4%
a
80.7% b |
501
a
810 b |
316 (39.0%) | 351
a
(70%) 568 b (70.1%) |
115
a
(23%) 179 b (22.1%) |
8
a
(1.6%) 21 b (2.6%) |
| Li CL, 2020 | China | RC | 42.9 ( ± 9.5) | 78.7% | 13995 | 5647 (40.4%) | 8133 (58.1%) | 4572 (32.7%) | 846 (6.0%) |
| Zaman SU, 2018 | Pakistan | RC | 44.6 ( ± 14.3) | 71.7% | 53 | 13 (24.5%) | 28 (52.8%) | n/a | 25 (47.1%) |
| Kim SK, 2016 | South Korea | RC | n/a | 78.2% | 5081 | 1515 (29.8%) | 3255 (64.1%) | 1582 (31.1%) | 244 (4.8%) |
| Kim SH, 2015 | Japan | RC | 47 ( ± 11.7) | 84% | 716 | 211 (29.5%) | 481 (67.2%) | 202 (28.2%) | 33 (4.6%) |
| Lymph node metastasis | |||||||||
| Kim HJ, 2013 | South Korea | RC | 46 ( ± 13) | 87% | 2057 | 774 (37.6%) | 1243 (60.4%) | 661 (32.1%) | 95 (4.6%) |
| Wu C, 2017 | China | RC | 46 ( ± 11.6) | 76.8% | 796 | 689 (86.6%) | 403 (50.6%) | 311 (39.1%) | 64 (8.0%) |
| Feng JW, 2019 | China | RC | 45 ( ± 12) | 74.6% | 417 | 203 (48.7%) | 247 (59.2%) | 132 (31.7%) | 25 (6.0%) |
| Liu Z, 2015 | China | RC | N/A | 84.4%
a
80.7% b |
501
a
810 b |
347 (42.8%) | 351
a
(70%) 568 b (70.1%) |
115
a
(23%) 179 b (22.1%) |
8
a
(1.6%) 21 b (2.6%) |
| Li CL, 2020 | China | RC | 42.9 ( ± 9.5) | 78.7% | 13995 | 5869 (41.9%) | 8133 (58.1%) | 4572 (32.7%) | 846 (6.0%) |
| Kim SK, 2016 | South Korea | RC | n/a | 78.2% | 5081 | 3183 (62.6%) | 3255 (64.1%) | 1582 (31.1%) | 244 (4.8%) |
RC, Retrospective Cohort Study; SD, Standard Deviation; PTC, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma; PTMC, Papillary Thyroid Micro carcinoma; n/a, not assessed; BMI, Body Mass Index/kg/m².
a
Patients with PTMC.
b
Patients with PTC.