Table 1.
Summary of key parameters in clinical studies with LMW contrast agents.
| Agent | Type | Phase | Target | Cancer type | Dose (mg/kg) | Imaging time (h) | Image contrast* | Imaging device | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OTL38 | Small molecule | I-III | FRα | Ovarian | 0.0125 to 0.2 | 2-3 | 3.5-5.4 | Artemis (Quest medical imaging); PINPOINT (Novadaq); Iridium | (30, 34) |
| (Visionsense) | |||||||||
| Lung | 0.025 | 3-6 | 1.0-6.2 | Iridium | (35–40) | ||||
| (1.48-3.29 mg total) | (Visionsense) | ||||||||
| Renal | 0.025 | 2 | N/A | da Vinci Fluorescence Imaging Vision System (Intuitive Surgical) | (41, 42) | ||||
| Gastric adenocarcinoma | 0.025 | 1.5-6 | 2.6-7.4 | VS3 Iridium system | (43) | ||||
| (Medtronic) | |||||||||
| Endometrial carcinoma | 0.0125 | 2-3 | 2.9-13.0 | Artemis (Quest medical imaging) | (44) | ||||
| Osteosarcoma | 0.025 | 4 | 2.9-3.0 | Iridium | (45) | ||||
| (Visionsense) | |||||||||
| Pituitary adenoma | 0.025 | 2-4 | 1.6-3.2 | Iridium | (46, 47) | ||||
| (Visionsense) | |||||||||
| BLZ-100 | Peptide | I-III | Multiple | Gliomas (adult and pediatric) | 3-30 mg | 3-29 | N/A | FLUOBEAM 800 (Fluoptics); SIRIS (Teal Light Surgical) | (48, 49) |
| (Tozuleristide, Tumor Paint™) | (reported as -, weak or +) | ||||||||
| Breast carcinoma | 6-12 mg | 1-26 | N/A | SIRIS (Teal Light Surgical) | (50) | ||||
| ABY-029 | Affibody | 0-I | EGFR | Soft tissue sarcoma | 237 μg | 1-3 | 2.0 | Solaris (PerkinElmer) | (51) |
| (30 nanomoles) | (n = 1) | ||||||||
| BBN-IRdye800CW | Peptide | I | GRPR | Glioblastoma | 1 mg | 2-16 | 3.2-4.9 | DPM-III-01 (Zhuhai Dipu Medical Technology) | (52, 53) |
| cRGD-ZW800-1 | Small molecule | I-II | Integrins | Colorectal carcinoma | 0.005-0.05 | 2-18 | In vivo, 1.1-1.6; ex vivo, 1.4-6.2 | Olympus Visera Elite II | (54) |
| (CLV-S200-IR); Quest | |||||||||
| Spectrum Platform (Quest Medical Imaging) | |||||||||
| LS301 | Peptide | I-II | Annexin A2, others | Breast, liver, pancreas, gastric | - | - | - | - | - |
Rows are color coded to facilitate differentiation among agents. *In the image contrast column, we report the average lower and upper limit contrast (e.g., TBR) among all studies in the reference column and may include in situ, ex vivo values.