Table 3. Frequency of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes in obese children with or without metabolic syndrome.

CD4+ T cell (n=32)	Metabolic syndrome
	Negative (n=7)	Positive (n=25)	p-value*
IFN-γ+	8.9±7.1%	10.1±4.7%	0.635
IL-17+	1.4±1.1%	1.8±1.1%	0.338
FOXP3+	8.7±2.7%	7.7±2.5%	0.410

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

The subsets of CD4⁺ T cells include IFN-γ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells (Th1 cells), IL-17⁺CD4⁺ T cells (Th17 cells), and FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells.

IFN-γ: interferon-gamma, IL-17: interleukin-17, FOXP3: forkhead box P3.

^*Mann–Whitney U-test.