TABLE 3.

Comparative lidocaine concentrations

		Lidocaine
		Nominal Time Post Start of Iontophoresis (min)
		0a	11b	15	25	35	45	60	90	120	180	240
Formulation	Statistic	Concentration (ng/ml)
2% Lidocaine/1:100,000 Epinephrine	N	15	15	15	15	15	14	15	15	15	15	15
	Mean	0	0.245	0.395	0.579	0.755	0.869	0.966	1.26	1.64	2.20	2.28
	SD	0	0.317	0.386	0.416	0.452	0.437	0.444	0.545	0.807	0.896	0.762
	Min	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.329	0.354	0.665	1.01	1.19
	Median	0	0	0.326	0.565	0.722	0.915	0.975	1.31	1.42	1.97	2.11
	Max	0	0.881	1.39	1.29	1.46	1.65	2.17	2.48	3.52	3.77	3.64
	CV%	–	129	97.8	71.9	59.9	50.3	46.0	43.3	49.2	40.7	33.4
	Geo Mean	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	0.875	1.14	1.48	2.04	2.16
	CV% Geo Mean	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC	50.1	51.8	49.2	43.3	34.9
2% Lidocaine	N	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
	Mean	0	1.35	1.38	1.38	1.30	1.36	1.34	1.62	1.77	2.09	2.14
	SD	0	1.34	1.17	1.11	1.04	1.24	1.21	1.70	1.71	1.61	1.48
	Min	0	0	0.269	0.485	0.511	0.523	0.592	0.702	0.808	0.989	1.12
	Median	0	0.983	1.05	0.982	0.841	0.834	0.840	0.945	1.11	1.39	1.56
	Max	0	4.54	4.00	4.04	3.89	4.61	4.49	6.15	6.33	6.20	5.85
	CV%	–	99.8	85.2	80.4	80.1	91.1	90.5	105	96.6	77.1	69.3
	Geo Mean	NC	NC	0.975	1.08	1.04	1.06	1.05	1.20	1.37	1.74	1.83
	CV% Geo Mean	NC	NC	112	82.0	73.2	77.1	75.1	81.2	73.3	63.9	58.3

^aTime 0 minutes, pre-iontophoresis.

^bTime 11 minutes, immediately post-iontophoresis.

CV% Geo Mean indicates percent coefficient of variation of the geometric mean; CV%, percent coefficient of variation; Geo Mean, geometric mean; Max, maximum; Min, minimum; NC, not calculated; SD, standard deviation.