Table 1.

Summary of 51 reported cases of oral ulcerative lesions in COVID-19 patients.

Case No.	References (Year of publication)	Age	Sex	Lesion site	Clinical features	Lesion size	Pain	General symptoms	Onset (day)	Confirmation of COVID-19
1	Riad et al.9 (2021)	16	F	Upper lip	Solitary ulcerative white halos with well-defined erythematous margins	1 mm	+	Cough	0	+
2	Riad et al.9 (2021)	17	F	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	1 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
3	Riad et al.9 (2021)	19	M	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	1 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
4	Riad et al.9 (2021)	20	M	Palate	Same as above	2 mm	+	Anosmia	0	+
5	Riad et al.9 (2021)	20	F	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	2 mm	+	Anosmia	0	+
6	Riad et al.9 (2021)	24	F	Tongue	Same as above	1 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
7	Riad et al.9 (2021)	25	F	Upper gingiva	Same as above	2 mm	+	Anosmia	0	+
8	Riad et al.9 (2021)	26	F	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	2 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
9	Riad et al.9 (2021)	27	F	Upper lip	Same as above	2 mm	+	Cough	0	+
10	Riad et al.9 (2021)	27	F	Palate	Same as above	2 mm	+	NR	0	+
11	Riad et al.9 (2021)	31	M	Lower lip	Same as above	2 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
12	Riad et al.9 (2021)	31	F	Tongue	Same as above	2 mm	+	NR	0	+
13	Riad et al.9 (2021)	36	F	Palate, upper and lower gingiva	Same as above	4 mm	+	Anosmia, fever, cough	0	+
14	Riad et al.9 (2021)	37	M	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	2 mm	+	Anosmia	1	+
15	Riad et al.9 (2021)	38	F	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	1 mm	+	Fever	0	+
16	Riad et al.9 (2021)	38	F	Tongue	Same as above	1 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
17	Riad et al.9 (2021)	39	F	Upper lip	Same as above	4 mm	+	Cough	0	+
18	Riad et al.9 (2021)	42	F	Lower lip	Same as above	3 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
19	Riad et al.9 (2021)	46	F	Upper gingiva	Same as above	2 mm	+	Fever	1	+
20	Riad et al.9 (2021)	48	F	Lower lip	Same as above	2 mm	+	Asymptomatic	0	+
21	Riad et al.9 (2021)	56	F	Buccal mucosa	Same as above	2 mm	+	Cough	0	+
22	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	28	M	Upper and lower labial mucosa, tongue	Aphtha-like ulcerations	NR	NR	Anosmia, cough, fever, headache, myalgia, chills	8	+
23	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	29	M	Tongue	Same as above	10 mm	+	Anosmia, fever, cough, headache, dyspnea on exertion, malaise	8	+
24	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	32	F	Tongue	Same as above	3–4 mm	NR	Anosmia, fever, cough, headache	10	+
25	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	35	M	Tonsillar pillar	Same as above	5 mm	NR	Hyposmia, fever, cough, sore throat, malaise	6	+
26	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	71	F	Upper and lower lips, tongue	Oral ulceration with focal necrosis, hemorrhagic crusting	NR	+	Cough, dysgeusia, fever, mild dyspnea, CT showing “ground-glass” pattern in both lungs	4	+
27	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	72	M	Upper and lower lips	Same as above	NR	+	Fever, dyspnea	5	+
28	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	81	M	Upper and lower labial mucosa, tongue	Same as above	10–15 mm	+	Cough, chest tightness, chills, fever, dyspnea, CT showing “ground-glass” pattern in both lungs	5	+
29	Brandão et al.10 (2021)	83	F	Tongue and palate	An aphtha-like ulcer with focal necrosis	15 mm	+	Abdominal distension, mild dyspnea	2	+
30	Ciccarese et al.6 (2021)	19	F	Lips	Ulcerations with crusting	NR	−	Fever, fatigue, hyposmia	7	+
31	Ansari et al.14 (2021)	56	F	Palate	Ulcerations with irregular margins	NR	+	Fever, shortness of breath	5	+
32	Ansari et al.14 (2021)	75	M	Tongue	Several small ulcers with irregular margins	NR	+	Hypoxia	7	+
33	Kämmerer et al.18 (2021)	46	M	NR	Multiple sharply circumscribed ulcerations	NR	+	Fatigue, dry cough, fever, respiratory distress, CT showing “ground-glass” pattern in both lungs	15	+
34	Martín Carreras-Presas et al.15 (2021)	56	M	Palate	Multiple ulcerations with unilateral affection	NR	+	Fever, hyposmia, enlarged lymph nodes	NR	NR (pending the result)
35	Martín Carreras-Presas et al.15 (2021)	58	M	Palate	Multiple small ulcerations with unilateral affection	NR	+	NR	NR	NR
36	Martín Carreras-Presas et al.15 (2021)	65	F	Labial mucosa	Blisters and ulcerations	NR	+	High fever, diarrhea, skin rash, bilateral pneumonia	NR	+
37	Al-Khanati et al.11 (2020)	24	M	Lower labial mucosa	Multiple aphtha-like ulcerations	15–17 mm	+	Headache, fatigue, fever, dizziness, nausea, sore throat	NR	−
38	Corchuelo and Ulloa12 (2020)	40	F	Tongue, attached gingiva of tooth 34	Aphtha-like ulcers	NR	+	Asymptomatic	NR	+
39	Malih et al.35 (2020)	38	M	Left tonsil	Aphthous stomatitis-like lesions	NR	NR	Fatigue, anosmia, fever, skin rash, malaise	NR	+
40	Dominguez-Santas et al.13 (2020)	19	M	Lower labial mucosa	Four clustered aphthae	NR	NR	Anosmia, fever, headache, malaise, and dyspnea	0	+
41	Dominguez-Santas et al.13 (2020)	33	M	Upper gingiva	An aphtha-like ulcers	NR	NR	Anosmia, fever, headache, malaise, dyspnea, pneumonia of right lower pulmonary field, mild lymphopenia	3	+
42	Dominguez-Santas et al.13 (2020)	37	M	Tongue (right ventral side)	Seven aphtha-like ulcers	NR	NR	Anosmia, fever, headache, malaise, and dyspnea	5	+
43	Dominguez-Santas et al.13 (2020)	43	F	Buccal mucosa (right)	An aphtha-like ulcer	NR	NR	Anosmia, fever, headache, malaise, dyspnea, bilateral pneumonia, mild lymphopenia	4	+
44	Eghbali Zarch et al.36 (2020)	56	F	Lower labial mucosa	Preceding vesicles	NR	+	High fever, fatigue	2	+
45	Soares et al.17 (2020)	42	M	Buccal mucosa	A “punched-out” ulcer	NR	+	Fever, cough, shortness of breath, skin petechia-like and small vesicobullous lesions	NR	+
46	Putra et al.3 (2020)	29	M	NR	Aphthous stomatitis-like lesions	NR	+	Fever, cough, anosmia, skin petechia- lesions, sore throat	7	+
47	Amorim Dos Santos et al.19 (2020)	67	M	Tongue	Multiple pinpoint yellowish ulcers	NR	NR	Dyspnea, fever, diarrhea, CT showing “ground-glass” pattern in both lungs	24	+
48	Chérif et al.37 (2020)	35	F	Upper lip	Ulcerations	NR	NR	Fever, myalgia, dyspnea, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, rash	NR	+
49	Sinadinos and Shelswell16 (2020)	56	M	Palate	Recurrent herpes-like stomatitis	NR	+	Sore throat	NR	NR (pending the result)
50	Sinadinos and Shelswell16 (2020)	58	M	Palate	Unilateral palatal ulcerations	NR	+	NR	NR	NR (pending the result)
51	Sinadinos and Shelswell16 (2020)	65	F	Tongue	Erythema multiform-like ulcerations	NR	+	Bilateral pneumonia	NR	+

NR: not reported.

CT: chest computed tomography.