Table 2.
Baseline, clinical characteristics and endpoints during admission of AF patients depending on the presence of major bleeding during admission.
| Variable | Total (n = 305) |
No bleeding (n = 275) |
Bleeding (n = 30) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics – no. (%) | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) – yr | 79 (10.3) | 79.2 (10.3) | 77 (9.2) | 0.263 |
| Male sex | 163 (53.4) | 144 (52.4) | 19 (63.3) | 0.253 |
| HBP | 244 (80) | 216 (78.5) | 28 (93.3) | 0.055 |
| DM | 117 (38.4) | 102 (37.1) | 15 (50) | 0.167 |
| Dyslipidemia | 123 (40.3) | 105 (38.2) | 18 (60) | 0.021 |
| Obesity | 68 (22.3) | 56 (20.4) | 12 (40) | 0.014 |
| CKD | 73 (23.9) | 62 (22.5) | 11 (36.7) | 0.085 |
| DBADLa | 133 (43.6) | 123 (44.7) | 10 (33.3) | 0.232 |
| Alcoholism | 18 (5.9) | 15 (5.5) | 3 (10) | 0.402 |
| PVD | 54 (17.7) | 47 (17.1) | 7 (23.3) | 0.448 |
| Hepatopathy | 22 (7.2) | 19 (6.9) | 3 (10) | 0.464 |
| Recent strokeb | 5 (1.6) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0.406 |
| Structural heart diseasec | 147 (48) | 131 (47.6) | 16 (53.3) | 0.462 |
| Mitral stenosisd | 3 (1) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (3.3) | 0.268 |
| Mechanical heart valve | 5 (1.6) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0.406 |
| Prior major bleeding | 28 (9.2) | 23 (8.4) | 5 (16.7) | 0.173 |
| Prior stroke | 73 (23.9) | 65 (23.6) | 8 (26.7) | 0.712 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc (SD) | 4.4 (1.7) | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.6 (1.4) | 0.423 |
| Anticoagulant | 234 (76.7) | 207 (75.3) | 27 (90) | 0.07 |
| Antiplatelet | 38 (12.5) | 33 (12) | 5 (16.7) | 0.557 |
| Atrial fibrillation | ||||
| Newly diagnosed | 36 (11.8) | 34 (12.4) | 2 (6.7) | 0.519 |
| Paroxysmal | 67 (22) | 61 (22.2) | 6 (20) | |
| Persistent | 16 (5.2) | 13 (4.7) | 3 (10) | |
| Permanent | 186 (61) | 167 (60.7) | 19 (63.3) | |
| Admission – no. (%) | ||||
| Creatinine (SD)e | 1.06 (0.8–1.48) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.1) | 0.347 |
| D-dimer (SD)f | 4280 (10001) | 3936 (8281) | 7657 (20255) | 0.065 |
| Platelet count (SD)e | 210767 (91299) | 210145 (90115) | 216466 (103030) | 0.719 |
| ICU admission | 32 (10.5) | 27 (9.8) | 5 (16.7) | 0.222 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 246 (80.7) | 223 (81.1) | 23 (76.7) | 0.56 |
| Azithromycin | 217 (71.1) | 194 (70.5) | 23 (76.7) | 0.482 |
| Darunavir/cobicistat | 16 (5.2) | 15 (5.5) | 1 (3.3) | 1 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 130 (42.6) | 118 (42.9) | 12 (40) | 0.76 |
| LMWH | 253 (82.9) | 228 (82.9) | 25 (83.3) | 0.953 |
| Therapeutic dose | 79 (25.9) | 71 (25.8) | 8 (26.7) | 0.92 |
| Prophylactic dose | 174 (57) | 157 (57.1) | 17 (56.7) | 0.964 |
| DOAC | 23 (7.5) | 23 (8.4) | 0 | 0.145 |
| VKA | 8 (2.6) | 7 (2.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0.568 |
| No anticoagulation | 21 (6.9) | 17 (6.2) | 4 (13.3) | 0.138 |
| Endpoints during admission | ||||
| Stroke | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (3.3) | 0.341 |
| Exitus | 116 (38) | 103 (37.5) | 13 (43.3) | 0.529 |
SD, standard deviation; HBP, high blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBADL, dependency for basic activities of daily living; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; ICU, intensive care unit; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
DBADL was considered if it was described in the medical history or for institutionalized patients.
Recent stroke was considered if it occurred in the last 6 months.
Note that 56 (20.4%) (no bleeding group) and 4 patients (13.3%) (bleeding group) did not have previous echocardiographic study.
Considered if moderate or severe mitral stenosis.
At admission.
Maximum value during admission.