Although classified as a Schedule I substance and not approved for medical or recreational purposes at the federal level, cannabis has now been approved by 36 states for medical use.

Through population studies, cannabis has been shown to alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), like abdominal pain, joint pain, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea.

Although the clinical studies are limited, cannabis has not been shown to significantly reduce inflammation or improve endoscopic healing in patients with IBD.

Important considerations for patients with IBD who use cannabis include legal constraints, dosing inconsistencies, dependence, smoking, and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

Ultimately, the role of cannabis in the treatment of IBD is a decision that will be made on a case by case basis, taking into account the unique attributes of each individual patient, as illustrated through the clinical vignettes featured in this review.