Table 4.
Clinical outcomes of hypertensive patients with or without beta-blockers in COVID-19 patients.
| Clinical outcome | Beta-blockers (n = 377 for unmatched; n = 340 for matched) | Non-beta-blockers (n = 1072 for unmatched; n = 359 for matched) | RR (95% CI) | Statistics (Z/χ2) | P value |
| Death, n (%) | |||||
| Unmatched | 25 (6.63) | 23 (2.15) | 3.24 (1.82–5.78) | 17.52∗ | <0.0001 |
| Matched | 13 (3.82) | 11 (3.24) | 1.19 (0.53–2.69) | 0.17∗ | 0.6777 |
| Transfer to ICU, n (%) | |||||
| Unmatched | 24 (6.37) | 18 (1.68) | 3.98 (2.14–7.42) | 21.77∗ | <0.0001 |
| Matched | 15 (4.41) | 8 (2.35) | 1.92 (0.80–4.58) | 2.21∗ | 0.1376 |
| Times after admission, days, median (IQR) | |||||
| Unmatched | 16 (10, 22) | 14 (10, 20) | NA | 3.21† | <0.0001 |
| Matched | 16 (10, 21) | 15 (10, 20.5) | NA | −0.89† | 0.3740 |
∗χ2-statistics; †Z-statistics. CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit; IQR: Interquartile range; NA: Not applicable; RR: Risk ratio.