Table 1.
Characteristics of the development, internal validation, and external validation cohorts.
| Characteristics | Cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Development cohort | Internal validation cohort | External validation cohort | |
| No. of patients | 8199 | 3519 | 2700 |
| Construction method | 70% patients (randomly selected) from 4 medical centers | Remaining 30% patients from 4 medical centers | Patients from the last center |
| Age, y, Median (IQR) | 63.53 [50.57–75.15] | 63.51 [50.95–75.17] | 65.58 (51.08–77.39) |
| Sex female, N (%) | 3787 (46.2) | 1585 (45.0) | 1305 (48.3) |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| White | 2036 (24.8) | 838 (23.8) | 675 (25.0) |
| Black | 2155 (26.3) | 915 (26.0) | 545 (20.2) |
| Asian | 409 (5.0) | 193 (5.5) | 28 (1.0) |
| Other/unknown | 3599 (43.9) | 1573 (44.7) | 1452 (53.8) |
| Outcomes (60 days), N (%) | |||
| Mortality | 1529 (18.65) | 696 (19.78) | 556 (20.59) |
| Mechanical ventilation (intubation | 1154 (14.07) | 497 (14.12) | 248 (9.19) |
| ICU admission | 1494 (18.22) | 661 (18.78) | – |
ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SDoH social determinants of health.