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. 2021 Jul 14;11:14443. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93633-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Analysis of the effects of smoking and Pkd1 deficiency in tubular epithelial cell proliferation on NC (n = 9), NCS (n = 8), CY (n = 13) and CYS (n = 14) mice. This analysis was carried out using aligned rank transform followed by two-way analysis of variance. (c) Comparative analysis of cell proliferation in renal cystic epithelium between CY (n = 13) and CYS (n = 14) animals. This comparison was performed using unpaired t-test. *P < 0.05. (b,d) Representative images of Ki-67 staining in renal tubular epithelium and cystic epithelium, respectively. ^# Extracellular protein aggregate non-specifically stained. (e) Negative control without primary antibody (NPA control) corresponding to the Ki-67 staining images shown in b and d. (b,d,e): Original magnification, × 400; bar = 20 µm.