Table 1.
Echocardiographic parameters in NC, NCS, CY and CYS mice.
| Parameters | NC | NCS | CY | CYS | CYST | SMOKING | INTERACTION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structure | P | P | P | ||||
| LVM/BW (mg/g) | 2.71 ± 0.78 n = 9 | 2.94 ± 0.68 n = 10 | 3.51 ± 0.85 n = 11 | 3.60 ± 0.94 n = 7 | 0.011 | 0.565 | 0.784 |
| LA/BW (mm/g) | 0.08 ± 0.02 n = 9 | 0.08 ± 0.01 n = 10 | 0.07 ± 0.02 n = 11 | 0.08 ± 0.01 n = 7 | 0.264 | 0.053 | 0.147 |
| LVIDs/BW (mm/g) | 0.10 ± 0.03 n = 9 | 0.12 ± 0.03 n = 10 | 0.12 ± 0.02 n = 11 | 0.15 ± 0.03 n = 7 | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.988 |
| LVIDd/BW (mm/g) | 0.15 ± 0.03 n = 9 | 0.15 ± 0.02 n = 10 | 0.16 ± 0.02 n = 11 | 0.18 ± 0.02 n = 7 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.340 |
| LVSV/BW (μl/g) | 0.90 ± 0.63 n = 9 | 1.47 ± 0.82 n = 10 | 1.74 ± 0.55 n = 11 | 2.17 ± 0.91 n = 7 | 0.003 | 0.047 | 0.778 |
| LVDV/BW (μl/g) | 2.18 ± 0.89 n = 9 | 2.56 ± 0.80 n = 10 | 2.89 ± 0.54 n = 11 | 3.29 ± 0.78 n = 7 | 0.007 | 0.127 | 0.968 |
| IVSD (mm) | 0.61 ± 0.08 n = 9 | 0.69 ± 0.08 n = 10 | 0.72 ± 0.18 n = 11 | 0.70 ± 0.10 n = 7 | 0.146 | 0.430 | 0.239 |
| LVPWD (mm) | 0.64 ± 0.09 n = 9 | 0.73 ± 0.10 n = 10 | 0.70 ± 0.14 n = 11 | 0.68 ± 0.08 n = 7 | 0.886 | 0.395 | 0.127 |
| Systolic function | |||||||
| LVEF (%) | 54.59 ± 9.35 n = 9 | 40.35 ± 12.36 n = 8 | 40.07 ± 10.59 n = 11 | 33.84 ± 8.08 n = 6 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.279 |
| LVSF (%) | 65.11 (31.29–69.67) n = 9 | 22.82 (19.08–30.28) n = 10 | 32.71 (17.28–36.34) n = 11 | 16.51 (9.48–23.84) n = 7 | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.051 |
| S´ (mm/s) | 17.41 ± 3.71 n = 9 | 16.28 ± 2.61 n = 8 | 18.75 ± 4.06 n = 11 | 11.71 ± 5.73 n = 7 | 0.259 | 0.007 | 0.044 |
| Diastolic function | |||||||
| IVRT (ms) | 26.29 ± 7.90 n = 9 | 24.77 ± 3.67 n = 9 | 26.18 ± 4.91 n = 10 | 34.16 ± 14.94 n = 7 | 0.113 | 0.266 | 0.105 |
| DT (ms) | 28.56 ± 7.78 n = 9 | 20.30 ± 6.21 n = 8 | 21.36 ± 4.50 n = 9 | 22.94 ± 4.28 n = 6 | 0.298 | 0.131 | 0.030 |
| Other parameters | |||||||
| MPI | 0.66 ± 0.18 n = 8 | 0.72 ± 0.15 n = 9 | 0.67 ± 0.18 n = 11 | 0.81 ± 0.22 n = 6 | 0.433 | 0.126 | 0.533 |
| RVMPI | 0.43 ± 0.23 n = 9 | 0.49 ± 0.29 n = 7 | 0.45 ± 0.18 n = 10 | 0.46 ± 0.16 n = 5 | 0.976 | 0.665 | 0.765 |
| VTI RVOT | 25.29 (12.65–26.95) n = 9 | 22.44 (20.57–24.36) n = 10 | 19.13 (13.31–23.79) n = 11 | 16.40 (14.66–26.95) n = 6 | 0.269 | 0.642 | 0.627 |
| PAP (mmHg) | 66.92 ± 3.10 n = 9 | 70.17 ± 3.06 n = 9 | 68.55 ± 5.79 n = 11 | 69.18 ± 3.03 n = 5 | 0.831 | 0.205 | 0.387 |
LVM/BW left ventricular mass adjusted to body weight, LA/BW left atrium diameter adjusted to body weight, LVIDs/BW) left ventricular internal diameter in systole adjusted to body weight, LVIDd/BW left ventricular internal diameter in diastole adjusted to body weight, LVSV/BW left ventricular volume in systole adjusted to body weight, LVDV/BW left ventricular volume in diastole adjusted to body weight, IVSD intraventricular septum diameter, LVPWD left ventricular posterior wall diameter, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction. LVSF left ventricular shortening fraction, S’ peak velocity at the septal basal level, IVRT isovolumetric relaxation time, DT mitral valve deceleration time, MPI myocardial performance index, RVMPI right ventricular myocardial performance index, VTI RVOT velocity–time integral of the right ventricular outflow tract, and PAP mean pulmonary artery pressure. Two-way analyses of variance were performed for parametric data and aligned rank transform followed by two-way analysis of variance were performed for non-parametric data.