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. 2021 Jul 14;11:14484. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93518-9

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduction (mean ± SE %) in the population sizes of pest insects (the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora, the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii and the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis) and their insect predators 1–3 days after spraying silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles of different concentrations on either faba bean (Vicia faba) or soybean (Glycine max) in the field. Shared letters indicate no significant differences.