Figure 2.

Graphical representation of four immunotherapy methods discussed in this review. (1) Antibody-based immunotherapy: antibodies are created to target the specific tumor and can be used to target drugs to the site or target specific cytokines. (2) Cancer vaccine: peptides, DNA, or other proteins are injected into the body to activate CTLs to lyse the tumor cells. (3) Adoptive T-cell transfer: a portion of the tumor is resected, and the TILs are cultured from this resection and implanted back into the body to lyse the tumor cells. (4) T-cell receptor gene transfer: T-cells are removed from the body and the TCR gene is transferred to one that can recognize a specific breast cancer antigen. These cells are then implanted back into the body to lyse the tumor cells.