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Nodal upstaging in the Robotic, VATS, and Thoracotomy groups.
| Open (n = 158) | VATS (n = 110) | RATS (n = 237) | All patients (n = 505) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nodal upstaging (%) | 40 (25.3) | 15 (13.6) | 50 (21.1) | 105 (20.8) | p = 0.1 |
| Hilar upstaging (%) | 15 (9.6) | 8 (7.3) | 24 (10.1) | 47 (9.3) | p = 0.2 |
| Mediastinal upstaging (%) | 25 (15.9) | 7 (6.4) | 26 (11.0) | 58 (11.5) | p = 0.04 |
