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. 2021 Jul 1;8:692646. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.692646

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Copyright © 2021 Andrés-Lasheras, Ha, Zaheer, Lee, Booker, Dorin, Van Donkersgoed, Deardon, Gow, Hannon, Hendrick, Anholt and McAllister.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antimicrobial resistance percentages of the BRD-bacterial isolates recovered from beef and dairy-type cattle upon feedlot arrival. These percentages represent unadjusted proportions. The asterisks represent the statistical test significance levels as follows: “.” 0.1, “**” 0.01, “***” 0.001. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 3 or more different antimicrobial classes (36). AMP, ampicillin; BRD, bovine respiratory disease; DANO, danofloxacin; ENRO, enrofloxacin; FFN, florfenicol; Hs, Histophilus somni; Mb, Mycoplasma bovis; Mh, Mannheimia haemolytica; OXY, oxytetracycline; PEN, penicillin; Pm, Pasteurella multocida; SPE, spectinomycin; TIL, tilmicosin; TIO, ceftiofur; TUL, tulathromycin. (A) Beef SPE resistance (R): 0/281; beef AMP-R: 13/281; beef PEN-R: 6/281; beef TIO-R: 0/281; beef ENRO-R: 0/281; beef DANO-R: 0/281; beef TIL-R: 18/281; beef TUL-R: 10/281; beef FFN-R: 0/281; beef OXY-R: 28/281; dairy SPE-R: 3/209; dairy AMP-R: 14/209; dairy PEN-R: 20/209; dairy TIO-R: 0/209; dairy ENRO-R: 9/209; dairy DANO-R: 33/209; dairy TIL-R: 56/209; dairy TUL-R: 44/209; dairy FFN-R: 39/209; dairy OXY-R: 97/209. SPE X² (1, n = 409) = 4.06, p = 0.0440; AMP X² (1, n = 409) = 0.99, p = 0.3201; PEN X² (1, n = 409) = 13.18, p < 0.001; ENRO X² (1, n = 409) = 12.33, p < 0.001; DANO X² (1, n = 409) = 47.57, p < 0.001; TIL X² (1, n = 409) = 38.86, p < 0.001; TUL X² (1, n = 409) = 37.41, p < 0.001; FFN X² (1, n = 409) = 56.97, p < 0.001; OXY X² (1, n = 409) = 83.79, p < 0.001. (B) Beef SPE-R: 22/273; beef AMP-R: 21/273; beef PEN-R: 3/273; beef TIO-R: 1/273; beef ENRO-R: 0/273; beef DANO-R: 1/273; beef TIL-R: 14/273; beef TUL-R: 12/273; beef FFN-R: 0/273; beef OXY-R: 23/273; dairy SPE-R: 46/242; dairy AMP-R: 24/242; dairy PEN-R: 0/242; dairy TIO-R: 0/242; dairy ENRO-R: 95/242; dairy DANO-R: 135/242; dairy TIL-R: 177/242; dairy TUL-R: 105/242; dairy FFN-R: 61/242; dairy OXY-R: 217/242. SPE X² (1, n = 515) = 13.42, p < 0.001; AMP X² (1, n = 515) = 0.80, p = 0.3722; PEN X² (1, n = 515) = 2.67, p = 0.1482; TIO X² (1, n = 515) = 0.89, p = 0.2650; ENRO X² (1, n = 515) = 131.41, p < 0.001; DANO X² (1, n = 515) = 202.73, p < 0.001; TIL X² (1, n = 515) = 254.32, p < 0.001; TUL X² (1, n = 515) = 111.09, p < 0.001; FFN X² (1, n = 515) = 78.06, p < 0.001; OXY X² (1, n = 515) = 340.27, p < 0.001. (C) Beef SPE-R: 0/68; beef AMP-R: 2/68; beef PEN-R: 0/68; beef TIO-R: 0/68; beef ENRO-R: 0/68; beef DANO-R: 0/68; beef TIL-R: 0/68; beef TUL-R: 0/68; beef FFN-R: 0/68; beef OXY-R: 0/68; dairy SPE-R: 38/173; dairy AMP-R: 23/173; dairy PEN-R: 19/173; dairy TIO-R: 0/173; dairy ENRO-R: 0/173; dairy DANO-R: 0/173; dairy TIL-R: 1/173; dairy TUL-R: 2173/; dairy FFN-R: 0/173; dairy OXY-R: 122/173. SPE X² (1, n = 241) = 17.73, p < 0.001; AMP X² (1, n = 241) = 5.63, p = 0.0063; PEN X² (1, n = 241) = 8.11, p < 0.001; TIL X² (1, n = 241) = 0.69, p = 0.3589; TUL X² (1, n = 241) = 0.79, p = 0.2572; OXY X² (1, n = 241) = 97.12, p < 0.001. (D) Beef Mh MDR: 6/281; beef Pm MDR: 12/274; beef Hs MDR: 0/68; dairy Mh MDR: 53/209; dairy Pm MDR: 164/242; dairy Hs MDR: 3/173. X² (1, n = 409) = 61.04, p < 0.001; X² (1, n = 515) = 137.84, p < 0.001; X² (1, n = 241) = 1.19, p = 0.1810.