Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| COVID-19 (n = 1091) | Influenza (n = 1334) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 67 (18) | 71 (16) |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 540 (50) | 599 (45) |
| Baseline creatinine, mean (SD) | 1.02 (0.41) | 1.06 (0.44) |
| Baseline eGFR (mean (SD)) | 75.9 (27.7) | 69.6 (26.2) |
| eGFR stages (n (%) | ||
| eGFR ≥60 | 760 (70) | 811 (61) |
| eGFR 45–59.9 | 160 (15) | 263 (20) |
| eGFR 30–44.9 | 123 (11) | 180 (13) |
| eGFR 15–29.9 | 48 (4) | 80 (6) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 578 (53) | 1018 (76) |
| White, Hispanic | 244 (22) | 100 (8) |
| Blacka | 184 (17) | 119 (9) |
| Other/unknown | 85 (8) | 97 (9) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 839 (77) | 1136 (85) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 549 (50) | 602 (45) |
| Coronary artery disease | 443 (41) | 783 (59) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 175 (16) | 528 (40) |
| Congestive heart failure | 113 (10) | 271 (20) |
| Cirrhosis | 53 (5) | 80 (6) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 24 (2) | 32 (2) |
| Medications, n (%) | ||
| ACEi/ARBs | 397 (36) | 535 (40) |
| Loop diuretics | 280 (26) | 467 (35) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 162 (15) | 198 (15) |
| K-sparing diuretics | 63 (6) | 116 (9) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 381 (35) | 615 (46) |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 371 (34) | 425 (32) |
| Immunosuppressants | 185 (17) | 521 (39) |
| Baseline laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.5 (11.2–13.8) | 12.3 (10.8–13.6) |
| White blood cell count, K/μl | 7.35 (5.91–9.32) | 7.55 (5.87–9.62) |
| Sodium, mmol/l | 140 (138–142) | 140 (138–142) |
| Platelets, K/μl | 227 (184–278) | 219 (174–279) |
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range.
Missing data: hemoglobin (COVID-19 = 127 [12%], influenza = 86 [7%]), white blood cells (COVID-19 = 128 [12%], influenza = 88 [7%]), sodium (COVID-19 = 20 [2%], influenza = 14 [1%]), platelets (COVID-19 = 130 [12%], influenza = 88 [7%]), and albumin (COVID-19 = 275 [25%], influenza = 287 [22%]).
a
Individuals who were listed as both Black and Hispanic were classified as Black for the purposes of our analyses.