Table 3.

Effects of continuously infusing glucose or casein at the terminal ileum on blood metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers

Parameter	Treatment1			SEM	P-value
	CON	GLC	CAS		Trt2	Time	Trt × Time3
Metabolism
Glucose, mg/dL	100	101	101	2	0.99	0.32	0.52
Insulin, μg/L	0.21	0.15	0.17	0.03	0.45	0.04	0.07
NEFA, μEq/L	78	86	77	7	0.67	0.31	0.61
Immune Metrics
WBC4, × 103/μL	20.7	20.1	20.2	0.7	0.79	0.03	0.19
Lymphocytes, × 103/μL	12.9	12.0	12.2	0.5	0.41	0.17	0.82
Eosinophils, × 103/μL	0.82	0.91	0.84	0.07	0.74	<0.01	0.68
Basophils, × 103/μL	0.16	0.14	0.14	0.02	0.53	<0.01	0.73
Platelets, × 103/μL	333	297	350	25	0.35	<0.01	0.43
LBP5, μg/L	16.4x	11.6y	14.8x	1.5	0.10	0.19	0.72
TNFα 6, pg/dL	53	57	55	3	0.52	<0.01	0.62

¹CON, Control, tap water, 3 liters/d; GLC, Glucose, 500 g/d; CAS, Casein, 300 g/d.

²Treatment.

³Treatment by time interaction.

⁴White blood cells.

⁵Lipopolysaccharide binding protein.

⁶Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

^x,yMeans with different superscripts tend to differ (0.05 < P ≤ 0.10).