Table 2.

HBV-R risk groups based on patient infection status and associated immunosuppressive treatment.

Risk group	HBV-R rate (%)	Hepatitis status	Associated medications
Very high risk	>20%	Chronic infection	Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, ofatumumab), HSCT
High risk	10–20%	Chronic infection	Anthracycline derivatives: daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin High-dose glucocorticoids (>20 mg/day for 4 weeks and longer) Anti-CD52 antibody: alemtuzumab
Moderate risk	1–10%	Chronic infection	Cytotoxic therapy without glucocorticoids: cyclophosphamide, vincristine; TNF-α inhibitors: infliximab, etanercept, golimumab, adalimumab; Cytokine and integrin inhibitors (mogamulizumab); Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib; Proteasome inhibitors: carfilzomib
Low risk	<1%	Chronic infection	Glucocorticoids (methotrexate or azathioprine) lasting less than a week or a low-dose (<10 mg prednisone) within 4 weeks
		Resolved infection	High-dose glucocorticoid or the anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab

HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBcAb, anti-hepatitis B core antibody; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Chronic infection: HBsAg(+) and HBcAb(+) patients.

Resolved infection: HBsAg(−) and HBcAb(+) patients.