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. 2021 Jul 14;6(7):e006014. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006014

Table 3.

Estimates of influenza-associated acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) hospital admission rates (per 1000 persons per year) and hospital admissions in children and adolescents aged 5–19 years, by three age groups, country, UNICEF region and World Bank income region

Country/region 5–9 years 10–14 years 15–19 years 5–19 years
Australia No. of data points† 7 (7) 7 (7) 7 (7)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0.1 (0–0.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 200 (100–300) 100 (100–200) 0 (0–100) 400 (200–600)
Bolivia No. of data points† 6 (6) 6 (6) 6 (6)
Hospital admission rate‡ 8.1 (4.5–14.5) 3.5 (1.6–7.5) 1.7 (0.4–8.2)
Hospital admissions 9600 (5400–16800) 4100 (1900–8500) 2000 (400–8800) 15 700 (7700–34 100)
Cambodia No. of data points† 3 (3) 3 (3) 3 (3)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.4 (0.1–2.9) 0.2 (0–1.6) 0.1 (0–1.1)
Hospital admissions 800 (100–4800) 300 (0–2400) 100 (0–1500) 1300 (200–8600)
Canada No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.1 (0.1–0.1) <0.05 <0.05
Hospital admissions 100 (100–100) 100 (0–100) <50 200 (200–300)
China No. of data points† 6 (6) 6 (6) 6 (6)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1.8 (0.8–3.9) 0.7 (0.3–1.8) 0.4 (0.1–1.1)
Hospital admissions 1 56 300 (71 500–330 300) 62 900 (26 000–146 000) 31 700 (10 400–91 800) 250 900 (108 000–568 100)
China, Hong Kong SAR No. of data points† 7 (7) 7 (7) 7 (7)
Hospital admission rate‡ 2.7 (2.2–3.3) 1.1 (0.7–1.8) 0.5 (0.3–1.1)
Hospital admissions 800 (600–1000) 300 (200–500) 200 (100–300) 1300 (900–1700)
Finland No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.2 (0.2–0.2) 0.1 (0.1–0.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 100 (100–100) <50 <50 100 (100–100)
Germany No. of data points† 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.2 (0.1–0.6) 0.1 (0–0.3) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 900 (400–2200) 400 (100–900) 200 (0–600) 1400 (500–3700)
Ghana No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.4 (0.3–0.5) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.3)
Hospital admissions 1600 (1300–1900) 600 (300–1000) 300 (100–900) 2500 (1700–3800)
Greece No. of data points† 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1 (0.6–1.5) 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Hospital admissions 500 (300–700) 200 (100–400) 100 (0–300) 800 (400–1500)
India No. of data points† 6 (6) 6 (6) 6 (6)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1 (0.3–3) 0.4 (0.1–1.6) 0.3 (0.1–1.1)
Hospital admissions 123 800 (42 300–345 700) 53 000 (13 800–192 500) 34 600 (8900–126 700) 211 500 (65 000–664 900)
Indonesia No. of data points† 9 (9) 9 (9) 9 (9)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.5 (0.3–0.7) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Hospital admissions 11 400 (7300–17 600) 4600 (2600–7800) 2300 (1000–5300) 18 400 (10 900–30 700)
Ireland No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1.7 (1.6–1.7) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.3 (0.2–0.7)
Hospital admissions 600 (600–600) 200 (200–400) 100 (100–200) 900 (800–1200)
Kenya No. of data points† 4 (4) 4 (4) 4 (4)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.3 (0.1–0.7) 0.1 (0–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Hospital admissions 1900 (700–4900) 800 (300–2100) 300 (100–1100) 3000 (1100–8000)
Malawi No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Hospital admissions 100 (100–100) 0 (0–100) <50 200 (100–200)
Mongolia No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.9 (0.9–0.9) 0.4 (0.3–0.6) 0.2 (0.1–0.4)
Hospital admissions 300 (300–300) 100 (100–200) 0 (0–100) 500 (400–600)
Oman No. of data points† 14 (14) 14 (14) 14 (14)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.1 (0–0.2) 0 (0–0.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 0 (0–100) <50 <50 100 (0–100)
Peru No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.3 (0.1–0.7) 0.1 (0–0.8) 0.1 (0–1.6)
Hospital admissions 800 (400–1900) 300 (0–2200) 200 (0–3600) 1400 (400–7700)
Philippines No. of data points† 5 (5) 5 (5) 5 (5)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1.7 (1–3) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.4 (0.2–0.8)
Hospital admissions 19 900 (11 600–33 200) 7900 (4400–14 000) 3800 (1700–8400) 31 600 (17 700–55 700)
Singapore No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 1.2 (1.1–1.2) 0.5 (0.3–0.7) 0.2 (0.1–0.5)
Hospital admissions 300 (300–300) 100 (100–200) 100 (0–100) 400 (400–600)
Spain No. of data points† 6 (6) 6 (6) 6 (6)
Hospital admission rate‡ <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Hospital admissions 100 (100–100) <50 <50 100 (100–200)
Switzerland No. of data points† 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.2 (0.2–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.2) 0 (0–0.2)
Hospital admissions 100 (100–100) 0 (0–100) 0 (0–100) 100 (100–300)
Thailand No. of data points† 4 (0) 4 (0) 4 (0)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.3 (0.2–0.6) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
Hospital admissions 1800 (900–3200) 1300 (700–2300) 500 (300–800) 3600 (2000–6300)
Uganda No. of data points† 12 (12) 12 (12) 12 (12)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.5 (0.4–0.7) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.2)
Hospital admissions 3600 (2600–5100) 1300 (800–2000) 500 (200–1100) 5500 (3600–8200)
UK No. of data points† 5 (5) 5 (5) 5 (5)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0.1 (0–0.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 500 (300–800) 200 (100–300) 100 (0–200) 800 (500–1300)
USA No. of data points† 20 (20) 20 (20) 20 (20)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.2 (0.2–0.3) 0.1 (0.1–0.1) 0 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 4700 (3400–6400) 2100 (1400–3000) 1000 (500–1900) 7800 (5300–11 300)
Viet Nam No. of data points† 5 (5) 5 (5) 5 (5)
Hospital admission rate‡ 0.2 (0.1–0.4) 0.1 (0–0.2) 0 (0–0.2)
Hospital admissions 1700 (1000–2900) 700 (300–1400) 300 (100–1400) 2700 (1400–5700)
By UNICEF region§
Asia-Pacific No. of countries¶ 9 9 9 9
Hospital admission rate 1.2 (0.5–2.9) 0.5 (0.2–1.4) 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 0.7 (0.3–1.7)
Hospital admissions 393 500 (168 600–917 900) 162 000 (59 500–453 400) 91 000 (27 800–291 800) 645 500 (255 400–1 661 100)
Sub-Saharan Africa No. of countries¶ 4 4 4 4
Hospital admission rate 0.4 (0.2–0.6) 0.1 (0.1–0.3) 0.1 (0–0.2) 0.2 (0.1–0.4)
Hospital admissions 55 800 (36 100–92 200) 19 900 (10 800–37 800) 8500 (3200–22 800) 83 300 (49 500–151 600)
Eastern Europe and Central Asia** No. of countries¶ 0 0 0
Hospital admission rate
Hospital admissions
High income countries No. of countries¶ 11 11 11 11
Hospital admission rate 0.2 (0.2–0.3) 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0 (0–0.1) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
Hospital admissions 13 200 (9400–19 200) 5700 (3500–9200) 2800 (1400–5700) 21 600 (14 300–34 000)
Latin America and Caribbean No. of countries¶ 2 2 2 2
Hospital admission rate 2.7 (1.5–4.9) 1.1 (0.5–2.8) 0.6 (0.1–3.4) 1.5 (0.7–3.7)
Hospital admissions 1 41 500 (77 400–253 300) 59 500 (26 000–144 700) 33 100 (6400–182 800) 2 38 300 (112 600–582 200)
Middle East and North Africa No. of countries¶ 1 1 1 1
Hospital admission rate 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0 (0–0.1) 0 (0–0.1) 0.1 (0–0.1)
Hospital admissions 4500 (2300–8600) 1900 (800–3900) 900 (300–2400) 7600 (3700–15 500)
By World Bank income region
Low No. of countries¶ 2 2 2 2
Hospital admission rate 0.4 (0.3–0.5) 0.2 (0.1–0.2) 0.1 (0–0.2) 0.2 (0.1–0.3)
Hospital admissions 39 800 (28 300–55 200) 14 400 (9200–22 200) 6000 (2800–12 800) 60 700 (40 600–90 800)
Lower middle No. of countries¶ 9 9 9 9
Hospital admission rate 1 (0.4–2.4) 0.4 (0.1–1.3) 0.2 (0.1–0.9) 0.5 (0.2–1.5)
Hospital admissions 2 95 600 (121 300–738 400) 1 19 100 (39 200–3 79 100) 70 700 (19 800–248 400) 476 100 (176 100–1 346 000)
Upper middle No. of countries¶ 3 3 3 3
Hospital admission rate 1.7 (0.8–3.6) 0.7 (0.3–1.7) 0.4 (0.1–1.1) 0.9 (0.4–2.1)
Hospital admissions 323 500 (148 200–682 600) 1 30 100 (54 000–303 600) 64 400 (21 300–190 600) 515 500 (222 300–1 172 300)
High No. of countries¶ 13 13 13 13
Hospital admission rate 0.2 (0.2–0.3) 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0 (0–0.1) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
Hospital admissions 16 200 (11 700–23 300) 6900 (4300–11 200) 3300 (1600–6800) 26 300 (17 500–41 100)
Global†† Hospital admissions 675 000 (309 400–1 499 400) 2 70 500 (106 700–716 100) 144 400 (45 500–458 600) 1 078 600 (456 500–2 650 200)

*Estimates were derived using incidence-based approach.

†The number in parentheses is the number of imputed data points. A study was counted as an imputed study when it requires imputation for any of the three age groups. Yearly variation was incorporated in the estimates when annual data were available.

‡Estimates of hospital admission rates were either derived from meta-analyses (when there were two or more studies) or as reported in one study for each country.

§Asia-Pacific: the region of South Asia and the region of East Asia and the Pacific were combined due to the insufficient data. Sub-Saharan Africa: the region of Eastern and Southern Africa and the region of West and Central Africa were combined due to insufficient data.

¶Number of countries with data.

**Estimates were not calculated in Eastern Europe and Central Asia as no data were found in this region.

††Global estimates were calculated as the sum of estimates by World Bank income regions. The point values of global estimates were slightly different from the sum of the point estimates by region due to the substantial uncertainties in the estimates across regions.